See Page 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 | 5 of the November 2020
homepage archives.
 I swear when I perused the December 1955
issue of Radio-Electronics there was a good reason that I tagged this "Your Receiver as an Audio Generator" article for posting, but
I'll be danged if the motivation for it is obvious now. There's nothing undeserving
about the subject from the perspective of a reader back in the day when test equipment
could be hard and/or expensive to come by. In fact, as with many of the articles
selected this one demonstrates the old maxim about how necessity is the mother of
invention. No less an authority on the value of being able to cobble up test equipment
from magazine articles and a box of spare parts than Mac McGregor, proprietor of
Mac's Radio Service Shop, promotes the practice as an essential skill. Even if you
don't find the article useful, at least there's an
electronics-related comic on the page to entertain you.
 "CRFS has launched a new Winter Webinar Series
aimed at maintaining discussions on key
RF Spectrum topics. Since the international lockdown began during
March, and with the cancellation of sector events, CRFS has provided a virtual stage
to educate and support audiences in the security, defense and spectrum monitoring
community. Adapting to the 'new normal' has seen diverse audiences from across the
globe attend the previous webinars and the CRFS Winter Webinar series will expand
on this with a range of new topics. The webinars will explore the growing importance
of Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO) in military Electromagnetic Battle
Management (EMBM), the challenges faced..."
 "Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's
(DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory have begun building a
quantum-enhanced X-ray microscope at the National Synchrotron
Light Source II (NSLS-II). This groundbreaking microscope, supported by the Biological
and Environmental Research program at DOE's Office of Science, will enable researchers
to image biomolecules like never before. NSLS-II is a DOE Office of Science User
Facility where researchers use powerful X-rays to 'see' the structural, chemical,
and electronic makeup of materials down to the atomic scale. The facility's ultrabright
light already enables discoveries in biology, helping researchers uncover the structures
of proteins to inform drug design for a variety of diseases - to name just one example..."
"Artech-House-Countermeasures-Aerial-Drones-11-30-2020.htm" target="_top">
 Artech House today announced the publication
of "Artech-House-Countermeasures-Aerial-Drones-11-30-2020.htm" target="_top"> Countermeasures
for Aerial Drones by Garik Markarian and Andrew Staniforth. This comprehensive resource
explains the development of UAVs, drone threats, counter-UAV systems, and strategies
to handle UAVs, focusing on the practical aspects of counter-unmanned aerial vehicle
(UAV) systems and technologies. Theory, technical and operational practice with
insights from industry and policing are covered, and the full rogue drone threat
landscape and counter-drone technologies and systems is explored. The book provides
insight into counter-drone strategy, developing effective counter-drone strategies
and measures, as well as counter-drone programs and the regulatory frameworks governing
the use of drones. An New Release price of $111 is being offered for a limited time...
NorthEast RF's comprehensive
antenna testing services include linear | circular polarized antenna
measurements and OTA cellular device pre-compliance. Up to 18" diameter and <10
kg weight. Antennas can be rapidly evaluated and optimized using our fast near field
spherical system. Test results supplied in data file with pattern viewer software.
A picture of the test configuration is included to help aligned axis. Our selection
of human head and hand phantoms are ideal for verification of body worn devices.
Turnaround time is usually 3-days.
 Just as early cellphones (Motorola's Bag
Phone, e.g.) required large carrying cases to contain both the large electronics
and the large battery required to operate the phone, some of the first commercially
available portable personal radio sets came with shoulder straps. Those that didn't
have straps had wheels and a handle. The "walkie-talkie" (originally called "handi-talkies") designs were
first seen during World War II and then in Korea. In fact, this 1955 article
from Popular Electronics was printed shortly after the end of the conflict in 1953.
Don't confuse the radio-based portable field telephones with the ones that had a
pair of wires (sometimes thousands of feet of it) that did not need complicated
circuitry for over-the-air transmitting and receiving...
 ConductRF is continually innovating and
developing new and improved solutions for RF Interconnect needs. See the latest
TESTeCON RF Test
Cables for labs. ConductRF makes production and test coax cable assemblies for
amplitude and phased matched VNA applications as well as standard & precision
RF connectors. Over 1,000 solutions for low PIM in-building to choose from in the
iBwave component library. They also provide custom coax solutions for applications
where some standard just won't do. A partnership with Newark assures fast, reliable
access. Please visit ConductRF today to see how they can help your project!
 For the sake of avid cruciverbalists amongst
us, each week I create a new crossword puzzle that has a theme related to engineering,
mathematics, chemistry, physics, and other technical words. This November 29th
Radio & Radar Crossword Puzzle, as always, contains no names
of politicians, mountain ranges, exotic foods or plants, movie stars, or anything
of the sort unless it/he/she is related to this puzzle's technology theme (e.g.,
Hedy Lamarr or the Bikini Atoll). The technically inclined cruciverbalists amongst
us will appreciate the effort. Enjoy!
 National Union Radio Corporation, located
in Orange, New Jersey, had been producing radios since its formation in 1929 when
this Radio Service Data Sheet for its
Model G-619 "Presentation" tabletop set appeared in a 1947 issue
of Radio-Craft magazine. That they survived the Great Depression which began in
the year of their founding is a testament the tenacity of its management, design
staff, and production workers. This 5-tube radio had a very nice mahogany case with
a unique reverse-lettering dial glass plate. A few years ago I posted an advertisement
by Union Radio from a 1945 issue of Radio-Craft appealing specifically to women
engineers and technicians because of the severe shortage of men available while
serving in the armed forces during World War II...
 "Army scientists have developed a first-of-its-kind
antenna that could change how ground vehicles and airborne systems communicate,
transmit, and receive radio frequency communications. The Army matured a manufacturing
process using a special class of engineered materials known as metaferrites to make
an
ultra-thin wideband antenna. The antenna conforms to curved surfaces,
making it ideal to integrate in unmanned aircraft systems, rotary wing aircraft,
and ground vehicles. Said Dr. Philip Perconti, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the
Army for Research and Technology and Chief Scientist for the Army, 'Our technical
experts used their knowledge in material properties, modeling, and test and evaluation
to further advance these materials..."
 60 years ago, when this article was originally
published in Popular Electronics magazine, most computers were constructed
either of gears or of vacuum tubes. The Univac in the photo below was a breakthrough
for having been
built entirely of transistors. Even with its "compact" size compared
to is successor the ENIAC, the total computational power and programmability was
orders of magnitude less than that of my handheld calculator, whose size is largely
dictated not by the volume of the electronic circuits, but by the size of the display
and the need for input keys larges enough to press reliably. Doesn't the photo of
Pascal's calculator of 1642 look like it could be a modern 19" rack-mount chassis,
complete with handles?
"Modelithics-COMPLETE-3D-Library-v20d8-Ansys-HFSS-11-25-2020.htm" target="_top">
 Modelithics, is pleased to announce the release
of version "Modelithics-COMPLETE-3D-Library-v20d8-Ansys-HFSS-11-25-2020.htm" target="_top">
20.8 of the COMPLETE+3D Library for use with Ansys HFSS. The library contains over
325 highly scalable Microwave Global Models™ for capacitor, inductor, and resistor
families from many popular vendors, plus a collection of nearly 300 Modelithics'
3D geometry models for inductors, capacitors, filters, packages and connectors.
This library now represents a total of 22,000 individual components with circuit
and/or 3D EM models. Version 20.8 adds nine new part value-, pad-, and substrate
scalable models and over eighty new full wave 3D electromagnetic models. New scalable
circuit models include new models for AVX's MP01...
 Centric RF is a company offering from stock
various RF and
Microwave coaxial components, including attenuators, adapters, cable assemblies,
terminations, power dividers, and more. We believe in offering high performance
parts from stock at a reasonable cost. Frequency ranges of 0-110 GHz at power
levels from 0.5-500 watts are available off the shelf. Order today, ship today!
Centric RF is currently looking for vendors to partner with them. Please visit Centric
RF today.
 Amateur radio enthusiasts are very familiar
with
burying ground radials below the surface (or sometimes just laid
on top) in order to increase antenna efficiency by affecting impedance and, more
importantly, the radiation pattern. Long distance (DX) operators generally prefer
low launch angles over high angle "cloud warmers." Pittsburgh's KDKA, the country's
first commercial broadcast radio station, built what would have been the mother
of all ground radial arrays for its time - 360 (one every degree), 700-foot copper
wires (8 AWG), for a total of a quarter million feet! It was laid using a farm tractor
drawing a non-motorized trench cutter that looks like it came straight from the
John Deere factory. It also implemented a new type of passive vertical suppressor
element array...
 "According to a recent report published by
Technavio, the
RF Filters Market is poised to grow at a CAGR of over 20% from
2020 to 2024 to reach USD $15.73B. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding
the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market
environment. According to the report, the market is fragmented, and the degree of
fragmentation will remain the same during the forecast period. The increase in product
launches, organizational restructuring, M&A, and partnerships help market participants
expand their product portfolios, geographic presence, and distribution networks.
Skyworks Solutions Inc., STMicroelectronics NV, Tai-Saw Technology Co. Ltd., Taiyo
Yuden Co. Ltd., and TDK Corp. are some of the major market participants..."
 Here is a specially-made
Thanksgiving Day 2020 crossword puzzle compliments of RF Cafe
containing a few specific words commemorating the holiday along with the usual assortment
of engineering and science related words and clues. Thanksgiving is celebrated in
America each year on the fourth Thursday of November in commemoration of the 1621
feast where the Plymouth colonists and Wampanoag Indians shared a harvest feast.
Macy's 91st Thanksgiving Day Parade occurs on the morning of Friday, November 26th
and follows a route along Central Park West and 6th Avenue. Interestingly, the parade
was cancelled during the World War II years of 1942, 1943, and 1944 in order
to conserve much needed raw materials. This year, 2020, it will be a hollow event
with no spectators allowed along the parade path...
Since 1961, MECA Electronics has designed and manufactured an extensive line
of RF & microwave
components for in-building, satellite, radar, radio, telemetry, mobile radio,
aviation & ATC. Attenuators, directional & hybrid couplers, isolators &
circulators, power dividers & combiners, loads, DC blocks, bias-Ts and adapters &
cables. MECA has long been the 'backbone' of high performance wired and air-interfaced
networks such as in-building applications, satellite communications, radar, radio
communications, telemetry applications, mobile radio, aviation & air traffic
communications.
 Listen to the RF
Cafe Podcast! A November edition of "Mac's Radio Service Shop" is appropriate given today's date, especially
since author John T. Frye nearly always had the story's setting coincide with
the month in which it appeared in Radio & Television News magazine;
the year was 1951. The unspecified dateline is somewhere in the upper Midwest, most
likely Indiana. Mac's mention of converting a black-and-white television set to
color by installing a "color wheel" really betrays the era. The NTSC (National Television
System Committee) had not yet adopted an industry standard for color TV, and the
various manufacturers were selling a mix of mechanical, electro-mechanical and all-electronic
sets. In 1953, the NTSC settled on a 525-line interlaced scan (only 468 lines are
part of the visible scan). Knowing that a better color system would be available
soon due to massive public demand, Mac put his efforts into talking customers out
of a color conversion...
"Triad-RF-Systems-Steven-Barthelmes-Interview-everythingRF-11-25-2020.htm" target="_top">
 Stephen Barthelmes of Triad RF Systems talks
"Triad-RF-Systems-Steven-Barthelmes-Interview-everythingRF-11-25-2020.htm" target="_top">
amplified radios, Doherty techniques, SDR, and UAVs with everythingRF. We talk about
everything from amplified radios and Doherty techniques to software defined radio
(SDR) systems and UAVs in an interview with everythingRF this week. everythingRF:
Can you give us a brief history about Triad RF? Stephen Barthelmes: Triad
RF was established in 2010 when the idea for the company began. In 2013, Dave, Dean
and I got together to begin the development of RF products that were underserved
by the market. By bringing the decades of knowledge that we had accumulated together,
we implemented solid processes in sales, design and manufacturing that produced
products that were cutting edge in performance and cost. We also understood the
market pressures for increasing RF power to enhance data transmission while simultaneously
improving overall efficiency. We stepped up to that challenge by creating some of
the most linear and efficient amplifiers in the market...
3D NAND Hits 176 Layers
 "Micron
Technology recently unveiled
176-layer, triple-level-cell (TLC), 3D NAND flash memory with
a 30% smaller die size that employs a new replacement-gate (RG) NAND technology.
The chips offer a 35% read/write latency improvement as well as a 33% increase in
transfer rate, which is now 1600 Mtransfers/s. The chips are actually built from
a pair of 88-layer stacks. When making a 176-layer stack, the challenge is the difficulty
in ensuring uniform construction up and down the stack. The latest chips follow
on the heels of the 128-layer device from Micron, which also employed 3D NAND and
64-layer stacks. The challenge that RG NAND addresses..."
 Computer modeling of antenna radiation patterns
has evolved from a relatively simple electric field equation that diminishes as
the inverse of the distance from the source, to exotic, highly sophisticated numerical
methods that account for conducting and dielectric surfaces and volumes. A spreadsheet
can be built rather quickly to calculate and graph the free-space azimuth and elevation
e-field patterns for a 1/4-wave whip or a dipole antenna using textbook formulas,
but building a model for displaying the 3D radiation patterns of a cellphone placed
next to a human head, or a UHF radio antenna on top of an aircraft takes some pretty
serious computing power. In large part we owe a debt of gratitude to the Ph.D. types
who have labored hard to make such tools available to us commoners. As with PCB
layout software and circuit simulators, chances of success with a first pass prototype
has increased...
"anatech-electronics-november-newsletter-11-24-2020.htm" target="_top">
 Sam Benzacar of Anatech Electronics, an RF and
microwave filter company, has published his November newsletter that features his
short op-ed titled "Do You Think 5G is Challenging? Meet 6G!," which delves into what
can be expected based on current planning. "Like its predecessor, 6G is more than
simply an upgrade in data rates and capacity, as it will attempt to deliver downstream
data rates up to 1 Tbye/s and operate at frequencies in the so-called sub terahertz
region, just below where lightwave frequencies begin. It will make extensive use
of artificial intelligence and machine learning to enable applications that 5G presumably
will not have been addressed in the next decade." . Also included in the newsletter
are a few industry headlines...
 Anyone who watched the
WKRP in Cincinnati
sitcom back in the 1970s has to remember what was one of the funniest episodes ever.
Here is the 4 minutes that made Prime Time history. In this Thanksgiving episode,
station owner Arthur Carlson decided he would surprise the community with good deed
- that doubled as a promotional stunt for his radio station - by dropping turkeys
from a helicopter for lucky shoppers at the local shopping mall. Watch the disaster
unfold as Les Nessman reports live, and then see Carlson's final comment that is
still used or alluded to in many comic routines. Posting this video is an RF Cafe
tradition. Have a Happy Thanksgiving!
Triad RF Systems designs and manufactures RF power amplifiers and systems. Triad RF Systems
comprises three partners (hence 'Triad') with over
40 years of accumulated knowledge of what is required to design, manufacture, market,
sell and service RF/Microwave amplifiers and amplifier systems. PA, LNA, bi-directional,
and frequency translating amplifiers are available, in formats including tower mount,
benchtop, rack mount, and chassis mount. "We view Triad more as a technology partner
than a vendor for our line-of-sight communications product line." Please check to
see how they can help your project.
 Each month Radio-Electronics magazine
ran a column called "'What's New?," which contained a few products recently introduced
to the marketplace, production floor, research laboratory, etc. First up was the
introduction of wire wrapping as announced by Bell Telephone Laboratories a couple
years earlier (see Bell Labs full-page ads in Radio-Electronics and
Radio & Television News in 1953). Wire wrapping is still used today for
quickly prototyping circuits that are not too sensitive to crosstalk and super high
speed. Next was the announcement of a five-transistor pocket radio from a Japanese
company named Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, which you know today as Sony. Heathkit had recently
put out a build-it-yourself analog computer that used 65 vacuum tubes for $750 ($7,342
in 2020 money). A button-hole-size transistor radio was also reported...
 Alliance Test Equipment sells
used / refurbished
test equipment and offers short- and long-term rentals. They also offer repair,
maintenance and calibration. Prices discounted up to 80% off list price. Agilent/HP,
Tektronix, Anritsu, Fluke, R&S and other major brands. A global organization
with ability to source hard to find equipment through our network of suppliers.
Alliance Test will purchase your excess test equipment in large or small lots. Blog
posts offer advice on application and use of a wide range of test equipment. Please
visit Allied Test Equipment today to see how they can help your project.
 "Superconducting materials are traditionally
classed into two types: s-wave and d-wave. A third type, p-wave, has long been predicted.
Now, however, researchers in the U.S., Germany and Japan say they may have discovered
a fourth,
unexpected type of superconductor: g-wave. The result, obtained
thanks to high-precision resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements on strontium
ruthenate, could shed fresh light on the Cooper pairing mechanisms in so-called
unconventional superconductors. In conventional superconductors, electrons join
up to form Cooper pairs that then move through a material without any resistance.
While all known superconducting materials need to be cooled to ultralow temperatures
(or placed under extreme pressures) before their electrons start behaving in this
way..."
 Magnetic ceramics have been with us for a
long time - probably forever as far as most people that use them these days are
concerned. When this article was published in a 1953 issue of QST magazine,
ferrites for use at RF frequencies were a new, breakthrough phenomenon. Take a look
at inductors used in vintage radio equipment and you will find either air or solid
iron as the permeable filler elements in most instances. Whereas iron might have
a permeability of 100-150, the new magnetic ceramics exhibited permeabilities up
to 4,000 at 1 MHz, and even higher for lower frequencies. Modern alloys and
compounds provide permeabilities of more than 50,000 for special applications. Such
high values allow physical size and weight of inductors and transformers to be greatly
reduced. Also, since high permeability...
"ConductRF-Hand-Formable-RF-Cables-DigiKey-11-20-2020.htm" target="_top">
 ConductRF "ConductRF-Hand-Formable-RF-Cables-DigiKey-11-20-2020.htm"
target="_top"> hand-formable RF coaxial cables are available off the shelf from
DigiKey. ConductRF FM series of Hand Formable RF cable assemblies provides system
designers with a versatile solution that allows RF cables to be physically routed
and set in to position during installation. Standard lengths and connector types
feature performance up to 18 GHz. Low loss, tinned braided cable of 0.086"
diameter with shielding of >100 dB. 100% factory tested for VSWR & insertion
loss. RoHS & Reach compliant. Ideal for internal module linking and great
for RF Testing. When compared to traditional semi-rigid options, these cables can
provide increased installation flexibility at a substantially lower cost. Made in
the USA!
 Copper Mountain Technologies develops innovative
and robust RF test and measurement solutions for engineers all over the world. Copper
Mountain's extensive line of unique form factor
Vector
Network Analyzers include an RF measurement module and a software application
which runs on any Windows PC, laptop or tablet, connecting to the measurement hardware
via USB interface. The result is a lower cost, faster, more effective test process
that fits into the modern workspace in lab, production, field and secure testing
environments.
 Here in the February 1947 issue of Radio-Craft
magazine is part three of a six-part series on
Antenna Principles. The first two parts concentrated on dipole
antennas and feeders, and multi-element long-line and rhombic antennas. Part three
is on directional arrays and radiation fields. In addition to a bit of theory, real-world
examples are given of various directional antenna configurations along with field
strength graphs. Without powerful computers to calculate and plot out predicted
radiation patterns, a large combination of experience and in-situ measurements was
required. A huge amount of time was spent for even relatively simple arrays. Finitely
detailed topographical and structural models are now available which, along with
very precise electromagnetic field calculation algorithms allows efficient and accurate
planning...
 "The first fully integrated single-chip digital
millimeter-wave (mmW) beamformer, created by electrical and computer
engineers at the University of Michigan, opens up new possibilities in high-frequency
5G communications. The technology could be used to improve vehicle-to-vehicle communication,
autonomous driving, satellite internet, and national defense, to name a few. Beamforming
allows a device that is transmitting signals to point them in a particular direction,
as opposed to having the signals radiate out in all directions - which can lead
to significant interference and loss of efficiency. It is an essential technique
for mmW communication, which occurs at a relatively high frequency (typically between
24 and 100 GHz). This high frequency communication allows for high-speed data
transfer, one of the key advantages of 5G..."
Lotus Communication Systems began in 2009, setting up CNC machine shop and RF/microwave
assembling and testing lab in Middlesex Country, Massachusetts. Lotus is committed
to highest quality and innovative products. Each
RF/microwave module meets
exceedingly high standards of quality, performance and excellent value, and are
100% MADE IN USA. Lotus' RF/microwave products cover frequency band up to 67 GHz.
Lotus also offers an COTS shield enclosures for RF/microwave prototyping and production.
All products are custom designed. We will find a solution and save your time and
cost. Lotus has multiple 4 axis CNC machines and LPKF circuit plotters.
 The
December 2020 issue of QST magazine contains an article reprint from the
February 1971 issue titled "A Ham in
the People's Paradise*." It was written by Ham radio operator and
USS Pueblo sailor Ralph McClintock (K1SCQ) who, along with 82
shipmates, were taken prisoner by North Vietnam on January 23, 1968. He gave a first-hand
account of captivity that lasted until December 23rd of that year. The following
year
Hanoi Jane had her smiling face photographed while posing atop
an anti-aircraft gun when visiting VC troops, while
John McCain was still at the
Hanoi Hilton.
The USS Pueblo incident is most famous for "The Digit Affair" where crewmembers routinely gave the middle
finger in propaganda photographs broadcast by the North Vietnamese. The men told
their VC captors it was a Hawaiian good luck symbol - until scumbag TIME magazine
published the photos and explained what they were really doing, resulting in severe
punishment of the men. The media has been traitorous for a long time. (* login
required - find a member to access it for you).
"Triad-RF-Systems-Bi-Birectional-SSPA-CW-FM-QAM-11-20-2020.htm" target="_top">
 Triad RF Systems has announced the development
of a dual, bi-directional amplifier that supports 2X2 MIMO radio applications. "Triad-RF-Systems-Bi-Birectional-SSPA-CW-FM-QAM-11-20-2020.htm"
target="_top"> Model TTRM2005D is a solid-state-power amplifier (SSPA) that operates
at a frequency of 2,200-2,500 MHz. It is designed for military and commercial
use and supports a variety of signal types, from simple CW/FM signals to complex,
highly modulated carriers such as 64 and 256QAM. The technical features of each
channel on this dual bi-directional amplifier includes a transmit signal gain of
25 dB, a receive signal gain of 12 dB, a receive signal noise figure of
2.5 dB, and ~20 W BPSK power x2 (40 W off total RF power). Supply
voltage is an ultra-wide 12-30 VDC...
 Atenlab
has been operating in Taiwan for more than a decade, and has sold and installed
hundreds chambers around the world. Holistic, affordable
Over-the-Air (OTA) measurement
systems perform comprehensive measurement and test in a controlled environment.
Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) with one-touch operation supports multiple systems
- 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G - and major instrument brands. [M]ulti-probe OTA measurement systems
offer reduced time measurements over single-probe systems.
 For the sake of avid cruciverbalists amongst
us, each week I create a new crossword puzzle that has a theme related to engineering,
mathematics, chemistry, physics, and other technical words. This November 29th
Electronics Engineering crossword puzzle, as always, contains
no names of politicians, mountain ranges, exotic foods or plants, movie stars, or
anything of the sort unless it/he/she is related to this puzzle's technology theme
(e.g.,
Hedy Lamarr or the Bikini Atoll). The technically inclined cruciverbalists amongst
us will appreciate the effort. Enjoy!
These archive pages are provided in order to make it easier for you to find items
that you remember seeing on the RF Cafe homepage. Of course probably the easiest
way to find anything on the website is to use the "Search
RF Cafe" box at the top of every page. Some quoted items have been shortened
to save space. About RF Cafe.
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