February 1959 Popular Electronics Table of Contents Wax nostalgic about and learn from the history of early electronics. See articles from Popular Electronics, published October 1954 - April 1985. All copyrights are hereby acknowledged.

In his usual manner, John T. Frye uses this "Dog Teaches Boy" episode of Carl & Jerry technodrama™ story to present a lesson in electronics. A method for cooking hotdogs using the standard 117-volt household supply was used to admonish the reader regarding necessary conditions for electrocution. Maybe it's from being so familiar with working around electricity for many decades, but the comment about some people believing that 117 volts can't kill you seems incredible. I do have to take exception to the claim that switching the neutral wire along with the "hot" wire is a safer way of doing things. The National Electric Code prohibits doing so except under certain very specific conditions. The reason is because the neutral, being connected to the same point electrically as the ground in the circuit breaker panel, should always be connected so that any current present has a low impedance path. Most people have no idea how electrical systems work, and I have known people who believed that you can only get shocked from the hot wire (typicaly black or red, but any color other than white or green). The fact is you can get as bad of a shock from the neutral as from the hot if there is current flowing in the circuit, if you happen to present a lower resistance to ground that the neutral return path.

Carl & Jerry: Dog Teaches Boy

By John T Frye, W9EGV

Carl looked puzzled as he examined the strange object resting on the workbench in the basement laboratory. His pal, Jerry, watched him with a broad grin. The object was a sort of wooden box with one glass side. It was about ten inches wide, two feet long and a foot high.

Through the glass side of the box, two orderly rows of large spike nails could be seen sticking up from a board in the bottom. The spikes were spaced about two inches apart in each row, and the rows were approximately four inches apart. At each end of the board, fastened to the bottom of the box, was a porcelain lamp socket holding a small round red lamp. The side opposite the glass window was hinged at the bottom so that the box could be opened, and a heavy electrical cord went into the box at the upper right-hand corner of this hinged cover.

"Okay, what is it?" Carl finally asked.

"It's an electrocution chamber for dogs," Jerry announced with a teasing smile.

Carl shot him a withering look. "I suppose that bed of nails is to make the dog comfortable while he's being electrocuted," he said scornfully. "Quit clowning and tell me what it really is."

"I did tell you," Jerry insisted as he opened a package of wieners. "Here's the scoop! Mom is chairman of the food committee for the meeting of her Sunday School class at the church tonight. They intended to serve hot dogs broiled in the gas ovens of the church kitchen, but the cold weather has broken a gas line running into the church, and it can't be repaired until tomorrow.

"Then I happened to remember seeing a gadget that cooked hot dogs by passing 117- volt house current through them. So I experimented with a single hot dog at a time until I found several things not to do; then I built up this affair that will cook ten of them at once. You're just in time to see it checked out."

"What sort of things did you find out not to do?" Carl wanted to know.

"Well, I started out using galvanized nails. They worked all right, but they left a disagreeable taste at the points where they pierced the dogs. I think some sort of electrolytic action took place ... the taste was very much like brimstone. When Pop heard about this, he cracked that since it was to be a church affair a little taste of brimstone might not be a bad idea, especially for a couple of gossips he knew in that class. You should have seen the look Mom gave him. It would have cooked several pounds of dogs. Anyway, these uncoated nails leave no taste."

As he talked, Jerry was carefully fastening the wieners to the nails by thrusting opposite spikes in the two rows through the ends.

"The nails should go through as close to the ends as possible without splitting out because the dog is cooked by current passing between the nails," he explained.

"What are the little red bulbs for?"

Mostly atmosphere. Of course, they also serve as pilot lamps to indicate when the current is on, but relying on a voltage-indicating pilot lamp is dangerous. It's too likely to burn out and fail to give warning that the voltage is present. But you will notice that this heavy-duty plug mounted up here in the corner of the box has two heavy leads that go down through the board and are connected to two copper strips soldered to the heads of each row of spikes. The plug matches up with this socket which is fastened to the door so that only when the door is entirely closed does the plug engage the socket and apply voltage across the two rows of spikes and the two lamps."

"Wouldn't a simple microswitch in one lead work just as well?" Carl asked.

"You know better than that. In the first place, this gadget will be operated in the church basement which has a cement floor. You know that one of the two wires ordinarily bringing current into the house is grounded while the other is 'hot.' If you stand on the ground and touch that single hot wire, you can electrocute yourself.

"It may take two to tango, but never forget it takes only one wire to electrocute you if you're standing on the ground or touching anything grounded, such as a gas or water pipe, a radiator, or a bathroom fixture. A switch that opens only one wire of a device has a fifty-fifty chance of opening the ground lead instead of the hot lead. That's like playing Russian roulette with a six-gun with three loaded cylinders. Now I'll show you another reason for not using an ordinary switch."

As he said this, Jerry plugged the dog-roaster into a panel with an a.c. ammeter. The two bulbs in the box lit up, and the ammeter pointer swung over to indicate six amperes of current.

"Hey, nothing's happening," Carl remarked.

"Oh, yes, it is; just keep watching."

The ammeter needle gradually crept over. When it reached about twelve amperes, the hot dogs showed signs of heat. They smoked a bit and began to sizzle. Their skins started to swell and grease dropped from them. The current went up to sixteen amperes. In only about a minute and a half, Jerry pulled the plug.

"That sixteen amperes of current is too much for an ordinary microswitch," he explained, opening the door and handing Carl a still-smoking wiener. "Each dog takes about an ampere-and-a-half of peak current; so ten dogs are about all that can be cooked at one time from an ordinary wall socket. How does that taste?"

"Not bad, not bad at all!" Carl approved as he reached for another. "It really seems to be thoroughly cooked all the way through. Why do you think the current goes up that way?"

"I don't know exactly, but I know what it makes me think of. I've been boning up recently on precautions to be observed in working with electricity, and I found out several things I didn't know before. One is that the human skin offers the best protection against electrocution from low voltage sources. While skins vary widely, the average dry skin presents a resistance of about 90,000 ohms per square centimeter. When the skin is wet with water or sweat, it drops to around 900 ohms. That's just the epidermis. The dermis has practically no resistance at all. I've been told that six volts are enough to cause fatal shock if the electrodes are thrust beneath the skin."

"It's really the current that does the dirty work, isn't it?"

"Right! But how much current do you suppose it takes to cause death?" Jerry inquired.

"Just a few amperes, I'd guess."

"You're wrong, a thousand times wrong. Only 15 to 25 milliamperes of current are enough to destroy your muscular control and render you incapable of releasing your grasp of the wire or gadget that's killing you. The current soon causes the skin to blister, and that deprives you of its insulation. Then, with the inner skin offering no resistance to the current, it rises rapidly, just as it does in those hot dogs. Ventricular fibrillation, or electrically produced heart spasm, can occur at between 75 and 100 ma., and then you've had it."

Carl shivered. "Not a very pretty picture," he commented; "but what started you on this safety kick?"

"I just got to thinking that we're probably going to be working with electricity the rest of our lives, and it's plain stupid not to be well informed on its dangers. That would be like a laboratory technician not understanding how to handle deadly microbes or an auto mechanic being ignorant of carbon monoxide poisoning.

People think 117-volt house current is too low to be dangerous, but many of them have discovered that they were dead wrong; and I use the word dead deliberately. More people are electrocuted by house voltage than by any other source. Naturally, one reason for this is the widespread use of this particular voltage; but another reason is that folks don't have the respect for this voltage that they should. People working with higher voltage are usually specially trained to take careful precautions, and they take them; but any dub can stick his finger into an electrical socket to see if it is turned on and to show others how much electricity he can take. He's the guy who will tell you: 'Aw, 110 can't hurt you.' "

"You won't catch me doing anything as stupid as that," Carl promised. "I don't think I'll ever bite another hot dog without thinking about the sight of these having the grease fried out of them with 117 volts."

"Good!" Jerry exclaimed. "Now what do you say to this idea? Suppose we agree to watch each other carefully for any careless or dangerous practices. Let's never be in so great a rush to see how an electrical gadget is going to work that we skimp on safety measures. Let's try to make every electrical device we put together as nearly foolproof as possible, just as I did with this dog - roaster. Let's not depend on our being careful and alert. There will be times when we'll be excited or in a hurry and may forget to check a switch or pull a plug. Let's see to it that we always protect ourselves from our own carelessness. Is that okay?"

Carl's sinewy fingers wrapped themselves around Jerry's pudgy hand. "It's a deal," he solemnly agreed. "You watch me, and I'll watch you; and the first one who gets careless receives forty lashes with a wet noodle. Say, who's going to operate this dog-burner at the party tonight?"

"I am. Want to come along?"

"Yep. Wait a minute. I'll be right back."

This last sentence was cut off by the slamming basement door as Carl took the outside steps two at a time. In a couple of minutes he strode back into the laboratory. On top of his head was a huge mushroom-shaped chef's hat that nearly brushed the low ceiling, and his lean frame was wrapped in a snowy white apron that had "Chef" printed on the front in big letters.

"My uncle sent me this for Christmas, and I've been thinking I'd have to wait for next summer's barbecues to try it out," he explained. "Now I won't. How do I look? Pretty sharp, huh?"

"I'm not sure that's the word, but you look different, anyway. All I can think of are those white-crested cranes we used to see standing along the river bank when we were fishing last summer. But you wear that getup, and we'll give these poor little dogies a real send-off on their last roundup."

"Eet weel be my plaizhure, M'sieu," Carl said in an atrocious French accent as he drew himself to his full height and saluted smartly.

Posted November 10, 2022

Carl & Jerry Episodes on RF Cafe Carl Anderson and Jerry Bishop were two teenage boys whose love of electronics, Ham radio, and all things technical afforded them ample opportunities to satisfy their own curiosities, assist law enforcement and neighbors with solving problems, and impressing – and sometimes toying with - friends based on their proclivity for serious undertakings as well as fun. Carl & Jerry, by John T. Frye Carl and Jerry Frye were fictional characters in a series of short stories that were published in Popular Electronics magazine from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. The stories were written by John T. Frye, who used the pseudonym "John T. Carroll," and they followed the adventures of two teenage boys, Carl Anderson and Jerry Bishop, who were interested in electronics and amateur radio. In each story, Carl and Jerry would encounter a problem or challenge related to electronics, and they would use their knowledge and ingenuity to solve it. The stories were notable for their accurate descriptions of electronic circuits and devices, and they were popular with both amateur radio enthusiasts and young people interested in science and technology. The Carl and Jerry stories were also notable for their emphasis on safety and responsible behavior when working with electronics. Each story included a cautionary note reminding readers to follow proper procedures and safety guidelines when handling electronic equipment. Although the Carl and Jerry stories were fictional, they were based on the experiences of the author and his own sons, who were also interested in electronics and amateur radio. The stories continue to be popular among amateur radio enthusiasts and electronics hobbyists, and they are considered an important part of the history of electronics and technology education. This content was generated by the ChatGPT artificial intelligence (AI) engine. Some review was performed to help detect and correct any inaccuracies; however, you are encouraged to verify the information yourself if it will be used for critical applications. In some cases, multiple solicitations to ChatGPT were used to assimilate final content. Images and external hyperlinks have also been added occasionally. Courts have ruled that AI-generated content is not subject to copyright restrictions, but since I modify them, everything here is protected by RF Cafe copyright. Your use of this data implies an agreement to hold totally harmless Kirt Blattenberger, RF Cafe, and any and all of its assigns. Thank you. Here are the major categories. Electronics & High Tech Companies | Electronics & Tech Publications | Electronics & Tech Pioneers | Electronics & Tech Principles | Tech Standards Groups & Industry Associations | Societal Influences on Technology
Lie Detector Tells All - November 1955 The Educated Nursing - April 1964 Going Up - March 1955 Electrical Shock - September 1955 A Low Blow - March 1961 The Black Beast - May 1960 Vox Electronik, September 1958 Pi in the Sky and Big Twist, February 1964 The Bell Bull Session, December 1961 Cow-Cow Boogie, August 1958 TV Picture, June 1955 Electronic Eraser, August 1962 Electronic Trap, March 1956 Geniuses at Work, June 1956 Eeeeelectricity!, November 1956 Anchors Aweigh, July 1956 Bosco Has His Day, August 1956 The Hand of Selene, November 1960 Feedback, May 1956 Abetting or Not?, October 1956 Electronic Beach Buggy, September 1956 Extra Sensory Perception, December 1956 Trapped in a Chimney, January 1956 Command Performance, November 1958 Treachery of Judas, July 1961 The Sucker, May 1963 Stereotaped New Year, January 1963 The Snow Machine, December 1960 Extracurricular Education, July 1963 Slow Motion for Quick Action, April 1963 Sonar Sleuthing, August 1963 TV Antennas, August 1955 Succoring a Soroban, March 1963 "All's Fair --", September 1963 Operation Worm Warming, May 1961	The Electronic Bloodhound - November 1964 Great Bank Robbery or "Heroes All" - October 1955 Operation Startled Starling - January 1955 A Light Subject - November 1954 Dog Teaches Boy - February 1959 Too Lucky - August 1961 Joking and Jeopardy - December 1963 Santa's Little Helpers - December 1955 Two Tough Customers - June 1960 Transistor Pocket Radio, TV Receivers and Yagi Antennas, May 1955 Tunnel Stomping, March 1962 The Blubber Banisher, July 1959 The Sparkling Light, May 1962 Pure Research Rewarded, June 1962 A Hot Idea, March 1960 The Hot Dog Case, December 1954 A New Company is Launched, October 1956 Under the Mistletoe, December 1958 Electronic Eraser, August 1962 "BBI", May 1959 Ultrasonic Sound Waves, July 1955 The River Sniffer, July 1962 Ham Radio, April 1955 El Torero Electronico, April 1960 Wired Wireless, January 1962 Electronic Shadow, September 1957 Elementary Induction, June 1963 He Went That-a-Way, March1959 Electronic Detective, February 1958 Aiding an Instinct, December 1962 Two Detectors, February 1955 Tussle with a Tachometer, July 1960 Therry and the Pirates, April 1961 The Crazy Clock Caper, October 1960
Carl & Jerry: Their Complete Adventures is now available. "From 1954 through 1964, Popular Electronics published 119 adventures of Carl Anderson and Jerry Bishop, two teen boys with a passion for electronics and a knack for getting into and out of trouble with haywire lash-ups built in Jerry's basement. Better still, the boys explained how it all worked, and in doing so, launched countless young people into careers in science and technology. Now, for the first time ever, the full run of Carl and Jerry yarns by John T. Frye are available again, in five authorized anthologies that include the full text and all illustrations."