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RF Cafe began life in 1996 as "RF Tools" in an AOL screen name web space totaling 2 MB. Its primary purpose was to provide me with ready access to commonly needed formulas and reference material while performing my work as an RF system and circuit design engineer. The World Wide Web (Internet) was largely an unknown entity at the time and bandwidth was a scarce commodity. Dial-up modems blazed along at 14.4 kbps while typing up your telephone line, and a nice lady's voice announced "You've Got Mail" when a new message arrived...

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Kirchhoff's Voltage & Current Laws

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. He coined the term "black body" radiation in 1862, and two sets of independent concepts in both circuit theory and thermal emission are named "Kirchhoff's laws" after him. - Wikipedia

The fundamental concepts of Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law are illustrated below. Both assume a totally contained system where energy is conserved.

Kirchhoff's Current (1^st) Law	Kirchhoff's Voltage (2^nd) Law
The current flowing into a node or branching point is equal to the sum of the individual currents leaving the node or branching point.	The algebraic sum of all the voltages around any closed path in a circuit equals zero.

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