|
2008 |
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Y. Tsien |
"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent
protein, GFP" |
|
2007 |
Gerhard Ertl |
"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" |
|
2006 |
Roger D. Kornberg |
"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" |
|
2005 |
Yves Chauvin,
Robert H. Grubbs, and
Richard R. Schrock |
"for the development of the metathesis method in organic
synthesis" |
|
2004 |
Aaron Ciechanover,
Avram Hershko, and
Irwin Rose |
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" |
|
2003 |
Peter Agre and
Roderick MacKinnon |
"for discoveries
concerning channels in cell membranes"
"for the discovery
of water channels"
"for structural
and mechanistic studies of ion channels"
|
|
2002 |
John B. Fenn and
Koichi Tanaka |
"for the development of methods for identification and structure
analyses of biological macromolecules"
"for their development
of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric
analyses of biological macromolecules" |
|
2002 |
Kurt Wüthrich |
"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological
macromolecules in solution" |
|
2001 |
William S. Knowles and
Ryoji Noyori |
"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" |
|
2001 |
K. Barry Sharpless |
"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" |
|
2000 |
Alan Heeger,
Alan G. MacDiarmid, and
Hideki Shirakawa |
for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" |
|
1999 |
Ahmed Zewail |
"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions
using femtosecond spectroscopy" |
|
1998 |
Walter Kohn |
"for his development of the density-functional theory" |
|
1998 |
John Pople |
"for his development of computational methods in quantum
chemistry" |
|
1997 |
Paul D. Boyer and
John E. Walker |
"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying
the synthesis of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)" |
|
1997 |
Jens C. Skou |
"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme,
Na+, K+ -ATPase" |
|
1996 |
Robert F. Curl Jr.,
Sir Harold Kroto and
Richard E. Smalley |
"for their discovery of fullerenes" |
|
1995 |
Paul J. Crutzen,
Mario J. Molina, and
F. Sherwood Rowland |
"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning
the formation and decomposition of ozone" |
|
1994 |
George A. Olah |
"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" |
|
1993 |
Kary B. Mullis |
"for contributions
to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry"
"for his invention
of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"
|
|
1993 |
Michael Smith |
"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment
of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its
development for protein studies" |
|
1992 |
Rudolph A. Marcus |
"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer
reactions in chemical systems" |
|
1991 |
Richard R. Ernst |
"for his contributions to the development of the methodology
of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
|
|
1990 |
Elias James Corey |
"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic
synthesis" |
|
1989 |
Sidney Altman and
Thomas R. Cech |
"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" |
|
1988 |
Johann Deisenhofer,
Robert Huber, and
Hartmut Michel |
"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure
of a photosynthetic reaction centre" |
|
1987 |
Donald J. Cram,
Jean-Marie Lehn, and
Charles J. Pedersen |
"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific
interactions of high selectivity" |
|
1986 |
Dudley R. Herschbach,
Yuan T. Lee, and
John C. Polanyi |
"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical
elementary processes" |
|
1985 |
Herbert A. Hauptman and
Jerome Karle |
"for their outstanding achievements in the development of
direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" |
|
1984 |
Bruce Merrifield |
"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis
on a solid matrix" |
|
1983 |
Henry Taube |
"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions,
especially in metal complexes" |
|
1982 |
Aaron Klug |
"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy
and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic
acid-protein complexes" |
|
1981 |
Kenichi Fukui and
Roald Hoffmann |
"for their theories, developed independently, concerning
the course of chemical reactions" |
|
1980 |
Paul Berg |
"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic
acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" |
|
1980 |
Walter Gilbert and
Frederick Sanger |
"for their contributions concerning the determination of
base sequences in nucleic acids" |
|
1979 |
Herbert C. Brown and
Georg Wittig |
"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing
compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic
synthesis" |
|
1978 |
Peter Mitchell |
"for his contribution to the understanding of biological
energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic
theory" |
|
1977 |
Ilya Prigogine |
"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics,
particularly the theory of dissipative structures" |
|
1976 |
William Lipscomb |
"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating
problems of chemical bonding" |
|
1975 |
John Cornforth |
"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed
reactions" |
|
1975 |
Vladimir Prelog |
"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules
and reactions" |
|
1974 |
Paul J. Flory |
"for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and
experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules" |
|
1973 |
Ernst Otto Fischer and
Geoffrey Wilkinson |
"for their pioneering work, performed independently, on
the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" |
|
1972 |
Christian Anfinsen |
"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the
connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically
active conformation" |
|
1972 |
Stanford Moore and
William H. Stein |
"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection
between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active
centre of the ribonuclease molecule" |
|
1971 |
Gerhard Herzberg |
"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure
and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" |
|
1970 |
Luis Leloir |
"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in
the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" |
|
1969 |
Derek Barton and
Odd Hassel |
"for their contributions to the development of the concept
of conformation and its application in chemistry" |
|
1968 |
Lars Onsager |
"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his
name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible
processes" |
|
1967 |
Manfred Eigen,
Ronald G.W. Norrish, and
George Porter |
"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions,
effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short
pulses of energy" |
|
1966 |
Robert S. Mulliken |
"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and
the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital
method" |
|
1965 |
Robert B. Woodward |
"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic
synthesis" |
|
1964 |
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin |
"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures
of important biochemical substances" |
|
1963 |
Karl Ziegler |
"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and
technology of high polymers" |
|
1962 |
Max F. Perutz and
John C. Kendrew |
"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" |
|
1961 |
Melvin Calvin |
"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in
plants" |
|
1960 |
Willard F. Libby |
"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in
archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" |
|
1959 |
Jaroslav Heyrovsky |
"for his discovery and development of the polarographic
methods of analysis" |
|
1958 |
Frederick Sanger |
"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that
of insulin" |
|
1957 |
Lord Todd |
"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" |
|
1956 |
Sir Cyril Hinshelwood and
Nikolay Semenov |
"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" |
|
1955 |
Vincent du Vigneaud |
"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds,
especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" |
|
1954 |
Linus Pauling |
"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and
its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex
substances" |
|
1953 |
Hermann Staudinger |
"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" |
|
1952 |
Archer J.P. Martin and
Richard L.M. Synge |
"for their invention of partition chromatography" |
|
1951 |
Edwin M. McMillan and
Glenn T. Seaborg |
"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium
elements" |
|
1950 |
Otto Diels and
Kurt Alder |
"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" |
|
1949 |
William F. Giauque |
"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics,
particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely
low temperatures" |
|
1948 |
Arne Tiselius |
"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis,
especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature
of the serum proteins" |
|
1947 |
Sir Robert Robinson |
"for his investigations on plant products of biological
importance, especially the alkaloids" |
|
1946 |
James B. Sumner |
"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" |
|
1946 |
John H. Northrop and
Wendell M. Stanley |
"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in
a pure form" |
|
1945 |
Artturi Virtanen |
"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition
chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" |
|
1944 |
Otto Hahn |
"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" |
|
1943 |
George de Hevesy |
"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study
of chemical processes" |
|
1942 |
The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the
Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section |
|
1941 |
The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the
Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section |
|
1940 |
The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the
Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section |
|
1939 |
Adolf Butenandt |
"for his work on sex hormones" |
|
1939 |
Leopold Ruzicka |
"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" |
|
1938 |
Richard Kuhn |
"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" |
|
1937 |
Norman Haworth |
"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C" |
|
1937 |
Paul Karrer |
"for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins
A and B2" |
|
1936 |
Peter Debye |
"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure
through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction
of X-rays and electrons in gases" |
|
1935 |
Frédéric Joliot and
Irène Joliot-Curie |
"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements" |
|
1934 |
Harold C. Urey |
"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" |
|
1933 |
The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund
and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section |
|
1932 |
Irving Langmuir |
"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry" |
|
1931 |
Carl Bosch and
Friedrich Bergius |
"in recognition of their contributions to the invention
and development of chemical high pressure methods" |
|
1930 |
Hans Fischer |
"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and
chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin" |
|
1929 |
Arthur Harden and
Hans von Euler-Chelpin |
"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and
fermentative enzymes" |
|
1928 |
Adolf Windaus |
"for the services rendered through his research into the
constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" |
|
1927 |
Heinrich Wieland |
"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile
acids and related substances" |
|
1926 |
The Svedberg |
"for his work on disperse systems" |
|
1925 |
Richard Zsigmondy |
"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid
solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become
fundamental in modern colloid chemistry" |
|
1924 |
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section |
|
1923 |
Fritz Pregl |
"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic
substances" |
|
1922 |
Francis W. Aston |
"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of
isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and
for his enunciation of the whole-number rule" |
|
1921 |
Frederick Soddy |
"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry
of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin
and nature of isotopes" |
|
1920 |
Walther Nernst |
"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry" |
|
1919 |
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section |
|
1918 |
Fritz Haber |
"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" |
|
1917 |
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section |
|
1916 |
The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this
prize section |
|
1915 |
Richard Willstätter |
"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" |
|
1914 |
Theodore W. Richards |
"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic
weight of a large number of chemical elements" |
|
1913 |
Alfred Werner |
"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules
by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and
opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry" |
|
1912 |
Victor Grignard |
"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which
in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic
chemistry" |
|
1912 |
Paul Sabatier |
"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the
presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress
of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years" |
|
1911 |
Marie Curie |
"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry
by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the
isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds
of this remarkable element" |
|
1910 |
Otto Wallach |
"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and
the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic
compounds" |
|
1909 |
Wilhelm Ostwald |
"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations
into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria
and rates of reaction" |
|
1908 |
Ernest Rutherford |
"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements,
and the chemistry of radioactive substances" |
|
1907 |
Eduard Buchner |
"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free
fermentation" |
|
1906 |
Henri Moissan |
"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in
his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and
for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace
called after him" |
|
1905 |
Adolf von Baeyer |
"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic
chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic
dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" |
|
1904 |
Sir William Ramsay |
"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the
inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their
place in the periodic system" |
|
1903 |
Svante Arrhenius |
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered
to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of
dissociation"
|
|
1902 |
Emil Fischer |
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered
by his work on sugar and purine syntheses" |
|
1901 |
Jacobus H. van 't Hoff |
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered
by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic
pressure in solutions"> |
