Quarter-Wave (λ/4-wave) Coaxial Resonators

Quarter-wave (λ/4-wave) coaxial resonators are constructed by shorting the center conductor of a coaxial cable to the shield at the far end of the circuit. The length of the cable is exactly λ/4 at the desired resonant frequency. A short circuit is transformed to an open circuit a quarter wavelength away, so when the λ/4-wave coaxial resonator is part of an oscillator circuit, it electrically is not even present (Z~∞); however, whenever the frequency of the oscillator attempts to go above or below the resonator's center frequency (due to load changes, temperature changes, etc.), the λ/4-wave section looks like a low impedance that works to attenuate other frequency components. It acts like a parallel tuned L/C tank circuit. The advantage of a λ/4-wave coaxial resonator over a tuned L/C tank circuit is the much higher quality factor, "Q."

Coaxial resonators are often made from sections of normal coaxial cable (both flexible and semi-rigid), but many form factors are available that are manufactured for specific frequencies and mount on printed circuit boards, or have coaxial connectors installed on both ends. Amateur radio hobbyists often use λ/4-wave resonators to filter (trap) interference outside the working band of the radio operation. The nice thing about λ/4-wave trap it that is can be connected inline with the antenna feed cable using a simple "T" adapter (remember, it is effectively not even there at the center frequency).

Quality factor of a λ/4-wave coaxial resonator is determined by the ratio of the center frequency to the 3 dB power bandwidth, as shown in the figure below. A set of equations is then presented for calculating the necessary λ/4-wave coaxial resonator parameters.

Measurement of Q from Frequency Response of a Coaxial Resonator - RF Cafe Website