 Application Notes (App Notes) and Whitepapers (White Papers) are unquestionably an essential source of instruction for engineers and technicians. App notes and whitepapers on vendor sites are some of the fastest moving targets on the web. If you click on a link and it is dead, please make an attempt to determine the new URL and notify me. Where possible, I have either downloaded and stored copies of PDF files*, or linked to the original webpages on the Archive.org service.
Page 1: Absorbers - Interference Page 2: Lasers - ZigBee * Let me know if you object to my storing a copy of your copyrighted document. As a rule I do not use anyone else's work on RF Cafe without explicit permission or being within FAIR USE Act parameters. Critical Benefits of Cooled DFB Lasers for RF over Fiber Optics Transmission - Optical Zonu LED Notes - By Data Display Products LED Basics - The LED Light Light Measurement Handbook - International Light Pro Tips E-Newsletter
procnc.com/protipsnewsletter/index.html
Machined parts advice - Using radii wisely, Smart use of GTOLS Geometry that is cheap to make, Tolerances that are easy to hold and cost less, Designing undercuts, Material selection and size, Mistakes to avoid when modeling angles.
Direct FETTM Technology Materials and Practices Application Note
irf.com/technical-info/appnotes/an-1050.pdf
Application Note AN-1050 from International Rectifier. High Voltage Properties of Insulating Materials Measured in the Ultra Wideband
apelc.com/pdfs/6.pdf
Applied Physical Electronics. Microwave and Millimeter Signal Measurements: Tools and Best Practices
by Agilent Technologies Principles of Metrology
support.fluke.com/calibration-sales/download/asset/2548139_a_6001_eng_w.pdf
by Fluke Techniques for Precise Measurement Calibrations in the Field
by Agilent Techniques for Precise Cable and Antenna Measurements in the Field
by Agilent QuinStar Technology Mixology 101: Mixers and Modulators in High-Speed Communications Mixers & Oscillators
Very informative presentation from the National Taiwan University (in English). Quadrature Modulators
by Mini-Circuits Mixer Spurious Products
A Graphical Approach To Mixer Spurious Analysis by Kirt Blattenberger. Selecting and Using Miniature Microstrip and Surface-mount Mixers
by API (formerly Spectrum Microwave) Quadrature ( I-Q ) Modulation Tutorial
fourier-series.com/IQMod/index.html Driving the QM Series Quadrature Modulators
polyphasemicrowave.com/datasheets/AN-101A.pdf
This note outlines several methods of interfacing the QM series modulators to single-ended and differential I/Q sources including modern D/A converters. From Polyphase Microwave. Interface Circuits for the QD Series Quadrature Demodulators
polyphasemicrowave.com/datasheets/AN-102A.pdf
This application note presents several circuit ideas for interfacing the differential I/Q outputs of the QD series demodulators to single-ended loads and modern differential A/D converters. From Polyphase Microwave. Modulation Techniques for Low-Cost RF Data Links
https://linxtechnologies.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/AN-00130.pdf
In radio frequency applications there are many techniques to choose from. Some, such as Carrier-Present Carrier-Absent (CPCA), are very simple and inexpensive to implement, while others, such Gaussian Minimized Shift Keying (GMSK), allow for very efficient use of bandwidth at high data rates. Other modulation techniques include Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Quadrature Modulation, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). By Linx Technologies. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
wirelessman.org/tutorial/80216t-00_02.pdf
This tutorial discusses Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (COFDMA) technique. Choosing Position Sensors for Use with SQUIGGLE Motors
newscaletech.com/app_notes/position_sensors.html
From New Scale Technologies. Creating Closed-loop Positioning Systems Using SQUIGGLE Motors
newscaletech.com/app_notes/closed_loop.html
This application note provides an overview of SQUIGGLE motors in closed-loop systems. From New Scale Technologies. Multipath Fading Phenomena
mwrf.com/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=7964
Understanding Terrestrial Multipath Fading Phenomena by Microwaves & RF. Reducing Motor Noise
teamdelta.com/pdf/tde_an1.pdf
From Team Delta. Use of Cryogenic SQUIGGLE Motors for Active Alignment of Cooled Optics in Cryogenic Sensor Applications
newscaletech.com/app_notes/hyperspectral.html
From New Scale Technologies. X-Parameter App Notes
home.agilent.com/agilent/editorial.jspx?cc=US&lc=eng&ckey=1670372&nid=-34017.0.02&id=1670372&checkRCF=N&referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.home.agilent.com%2Fagilent%2Fapplication.jspx%3Fnid%3D-34017.0.00%26cc%3DUS%26lc%3Deng&showAckPage=Y
X-parameters are the new s-parameters for nonlinear characterization. From Agilent. 360B/37XXXA/B Series Vector Network Analyzers
eu.anritsu.com/files/11410-00178.pdf
From Anritzu. 7 Reasons to Upgrade from your 8753 to an ENA Network Analyzer
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-0206EN.pdf
From Agilent Technologies. Understanding the Fundamental Principles of Vector Network Analysis
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5965-7707E.pdf
by Agilent. Verifying the Performance of Vector Network Analyzers
maurymw.com/support/pdfs/5C-026.pdf
From Maury Microwave. Noise Figure Tutorial
fourier-series.com/Noise/flashprograms/noise5.html
Interactive, Flash-based app for visualizing how noise figure is affected by system parameters. Thermal Noise Power Tutorial
fourier-series.com/Noise/flashprograms/noise1.html
Interactive, Flash-based app for visualizing thermal noise power in a system. What is Noise?
noisewave.com/faq.pdf
From Noisewave Understanding Noise Parameter Measurement
mwjournal.com/journal/article.asp?HH_ID=AR_7104
by Lawrence Dunleavy Improving Noise Figure Measurement
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/appnote121.pdf
From Noise Com. BIT of Balanced Amplifiers
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/appnote106.pdf
From Noise Com. Calibrating Spectrum Analyzers With a Noise Source
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/appnote112.pdf
From Noise Com. Gain Bandwidth Product Tests To Cut Production Costs
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/appnote110.pdf
From Noise Com. Noise Analysis of Microwave Systems
cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~thc/course_mckt/note/note11.pdf
Very informative presentation from the National Taiwan University (in English). Noise Basics
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/NoiseBasics/noisebasics.pdf
From Noise Com. Noise Diodes Randomize Quantization Errors in A/D Converters
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/appnote109.pdf
From Noise Com. Noise, Receiver Equation
mwjournal.com/Journal/article.asp?HH_ID=AR_3028
The Receiver Noise Equation: A Method for System Level Design of an RF Receiver - Technical Feature by Microwave Journal. Noise Figure
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5966-4008E.pdf
Spectrum Analyzer Measurements and Noise application note by Agilent Technologies. Noise Figure, Relating to Real World
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-9282EN.pdf
Relating Cascaded Noise Figures to Realworld Performance, by By Rulon VanDyke, Eagleware Corp. Noise Figure Uncertainty
mwrf.com/Globals/PlanetEE/Content/9595.pdf
Calculate The Uncertainty Of NF Measurements, by Duncan Boyd, Hewlett-Packard Co. Noise-Injection Radiometers
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/appnote119.pdf
From Noise Com. Passive Component Models
ti.com/lit/an/sloa027/sloa027.pdf
Understanding Basic Analog - Passive Devices, by Texas Instruments. PCB Layout Guide for RF/Microwave
jlab.org/accel/eecad/pdf/050rfdesign.pdf
RF/Microwave PC Board Design and Layout, by Rick Hartley, L-3 Avionics Systems. PCB Partitioning and Layout, Mixed-Signal
hottconsultants.com/pdf_files/june2001pcd_mixedsignal.pdf
Partitioning and Layout of a Mixed-Signal PCB, by Henry W. Ott. Testing Amplifier Linearity With Noise Power Ratio
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/appnote117.pdf
From Noise Com. Hybrid Voltage Controlled Oscillators
spectrummicrowave.com/pdf/VCO_application_notes.pdf
From Spectrum Microwave. Oscilloscope Fundamentals - Agilent App Note 1606
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-8064EN.pdf
This application note provides an overview of oscilloscope fundamentals. You will learn what an oscilloscope is and how it operates. Understanding Phase Noise in RF and Microwave Calibration Applications
support.fluke.com/calibration-sales/Download/Asset/9010168_ENG_A_W.PDF
by Fluke Know the Nuances of SSB Phase Noise
mwrf.com/Articles/ArticleID/20741/20741.html
by Jack Browne Phase Noise
radiolab.com.au/DesignFile/PNRef/PNRef.htm
Phase Noise Reference, by Applied Radio Labs. Phase Noise
vectron.com/products/appnotes/phase.htm
by Vectron International. Phase Noise Measurement of Z-Comm VCOs
zcomm.com/PDFs/appNotes/AN-109.pdf
From Z-Communications Inc. Phase Noise Measurement of Z-Comm SFS Series
zcomm.com/PDFs/appNotes/AN-205.pdf
From Z-Communications Inc. Phase Noise Measurements & Jitter Analysis
colbyinstruments.com/pdfs/5988-5291EN.pdf
The Agilent JS-1000 Performance Jitter Solution is a Phase Noise System that measures clock jitter characteristics. Phase Noise Prediction
resume.rfdude.com/LL_apr2000pg30.pdf
Accurate Phase Noise Prediction in PLL Synthesizers, by Lance Lascari. Measuring Jitter in Digital Systems
colbyinstruments.com/pdfs/5988-9109EN.pdf
Agilent App Note 1448-1. Phase Shifters
herley.com/index.cfm?act=app_notes¬es=iqv_phaseshift
Phase Shifters/Frequency Translators by Herley. CAD For Circuits with Piezoelectric Devices
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-8906EN.pdf
Designing with Piezoelectric Devices by Eagleware. Seven Practices to Prevent Damaging Power Meters and Power Sensors
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5990-5036EN.pdf
by Agilent High-speed Measurement of RF Power Sweeps
boonton.com/pdf/HighSpeedMeasurementofRFPowerSweeps.pdf
From Boonton. Power Meters and Monitors
nardamicrowave.com/east/UserFiles/pm398(1).pdf
From Narda Microwave East. 4 Steps for Making Better Power Measurements
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5965-8167E.pdf
by Agilent Power Dividers
nardamicrowave.com/east/UserFiles/powerdividers2.pdf
From Narda Microwave East. Power Dividers & Directional Couplers
cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~thc/course_mckt/note/note6.pdf
Very informative presentation from the National Taiwan University (in English) Power Dividers as Combiners
e-meca.com/tech_papers/why_dividers.php
Why most power dividers are not suitable for combining, from MECA Electronics. Power Splitter/Combiner
synergymwave.com/Articles/PDF/Power-Dividers-Combiners.pdf
Power Dividers and Combiners, by Synergy Microwave. Reactive Splitters
e-meca.com/tech_papers/splitters.php
Basic introduction, common applications and information on why reactive splitters should not be used in combining applications, from MECA Electronics. Radar Simulations in MATLAB
mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=3948&objectType=File
Comprehensive set of *.m files and function, including GUI, to calculate and plot Radar design and analysis issues. This include, the radar equation, radar waveform analysis, pulse compression, matched filter, stretch processing, HRR, phased arrays, Kalaman filter, MTI, clutter analysis, Swerling models and Pd calculations, PRN and Barker codes, SAR, etc. Testing Modern Radios
tek.com/document/application-note/testing-modern-radios?ct=TI&cs=afs&ci=12622&lc=EN
Solutions for designing Software Defined Radios that employ legacy and modern modulation schemes with frequency hopping techniques. By Tektronix. ORL Measurements in Field Applications
documents.exfo.com/appnotes/anote140-ang.pdf
From EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering, by Marie-Claude Michel. Radiation Hazard Measuring Systems
herley.com/index.cfm?act=app_notes¬es=rahms
By Herley. Understanding Preselection in EMI Receivers - Rohde & Schwarz Basics of Designing a Digital Radio Receiver (Radio 101), Brad Brannon - Analog Devices Understanding and Enhancing Sensitivity in Receivers for Wireless Applications - Texas Instruments. Optimizing Link Performance, Cost and Interchangeability by Predicting Residual BER - Microwave Journal. Millimeter-Wave Reflectometers
By QuinStar Technology Designing a Boost-Switching Regulator with the MCP1650
microchip.com/Stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1824&appnote=en022891
From Microchip Technology Inc. Improved Power Supply Rejection For IC Linear Regulators
maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/883
By Maxim Integrated Products, Dallas Semiconductor. Linear Regulators in Portable Applications
maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/751
Application note from Maxim Integrated Products. Linear Regulators: Theory of Operation and Compensation
national.com/an/AN/AN-1148.pdf
From National Semiconductor. Low Resistance Measurement Errors
globalspec.com/goto/PDFViewer?pdfURL=/QuadTech/ref/035093.pdf
The 2-wire versus 4-wire (Kelvin connection) debate, including the offset-compensated ohms method, by QuadTech. MEMs:
Part I
nanomems-research.com/HJD_MW_Journal_Part_1.pdf
Part II
nanomems-research.com/HJD_MW_Journal_Part_2.pdf
MEMS for RF/Microwave Wireless Applications: The Next Wave - An overview of RF/microwave MEMS technology. Millimeter Wave Components
herley.com/index.cfm?act=app_notes¬es=mwc
18-40 GHz by Herley. Crystal Oscillator Circuit Design
axtal.com/data/publ/ukw1979_e.pdf
A good transistor-level design tutorial - many topologies, 33 pages. By AXAL. Crystal Oscillator Model
act.co.uk/techinfo/Sim _xtals_res.htm
Simulation of crystals and resonators Dielectric Resonators, Introduction
trans-techinc.com/products_detail.asp?ID=11
By Trans-Tech. Free Running Oscillators
nardamicrowave.com/east/UserFiles/freerunning_notes.pdf
From Narda Microwave East. Oscillators
herley.com/index.cfm?act=app_notes¬es=oscillators
Oscillators application notes by Herley. Quartz Crystal Oscillators Tutorial
am1.us/Papers/U11625 VIG-TUTORIAL.PDF#search='quartz crystal oscillators report
The mother of all quartz crystal oscillator tutorials - 287 pages, courtesy of the U.S. Army Resonant Circuits
cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~thc/course_mckt/note/note5.pdf
Very informative presentation from the National Taiwan University (in English). Understanding Synthesizer Designs & Specifications
spinnakermicrowave.com/download/an_syn_design_spec.pdf
From Spinnaker Microwave. Understanding VCO Specifications
spinnakermicrowave.com/download/spinnaker_AN2.pdf
This will help to specify your microwave source. From Spinnaker Microwave. VCO - Differential Design
skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200323A.pdf
By Skyworks. VCO - Low Phase Noise Design
skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200326A.pdf
By Skyworks. VCO Modeling & Simulation in WinSPICE3
silicondevices.com/Resources/AppsNotes/ModellingVCOs.html
Application note compliments of Silicon Devices (UK) Limited VCO Soldering Notes
spinnakermicrowave.com/download/spinnaker_AN1.pdf
Guidelines from Spinnaker Microwave. RF 101 Information for the RF Challenged
https://linxtechnologies.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/AN-00100.pdf
This application note goes to great lengths to remove the mysteries of RF. Please don't mistake the ease with which you may grasp these basic principals for the effort required to actually execute an RF design. Nooo, noooo, kiddies, don't try this at home. At least not if your jobs on the line. The science of RF is unlike any other area of discipline in electronics. By Linx Technologies. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Overview
tek.com/Measurement/applications/rf/rfid.html
This technical brief focuses on RFID automatic identification technologies which utilize low-power, short-range wireless communications technology to provide radically enhanced data handling capabilities. By Tektronix. FCC Part 15 Rules
arrl.org/part-15-letters
From the ARRL site. Path Loss Model
mprg.org/people/buehrer/ultra/pdfs/DARPA NETEX Presentation.pdf
UWB Channel Measurements and Modeling for DARPA NETEX, by Virginia Tech. Half-IF (2x2 product)
maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/1838/ln/en
By Maxim. FM Broadcast RF Systems
rfry.org/website2_001.htm
A collection of technical papers and data about FM broadcast antenna and transmitter systems, by Richard Fry. Prototyping Techniques, RF
home.sandiego.edu/~ekim/otherjunk/rf_proto.pdf
RF Prototyping Techniques, by Christian Bourde, Jeff Fuller & Steve Long, University of San Diego, CA. Intercept Points & Receiver Sensitivity
pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN749.pdf
By Maxim. RF/Microwave Theory Files
odyseus.nildram.co.uk/RFMicrowave_Theory_Files
Many brief tutorials that include equations. RF System Design
ee.columbia.edu/~kinget/papers_files/cicc99_c_proceedings.pdf
Receiver budget analysis, by Peter Kinget, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies. See A/D & D/A Converters350 mA Buck Boost LED Driver using Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs), High Side Current Sensing and a NCP3063 Controller
onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/AND8305-D.PDF
From ON Semiconductor. Diodes
avtechpulse.com/faq.html
The Unusual Diode FAQ, by Avtech. Microwave Integrated Circuits / Multifunction Assemblies (MIC and MFA)
nardamicrowave.com/east/UserFiles/MIC.pdf
From Narda Microwave East. Mixer and Detector Diodes
skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200826A.pdf
From Skyworks. PIN Diode Basics
skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200823A.pdf
From Skyworks. PIN Diodes
skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200312C.pdf
Design With PIN Diodes by Skyworks. PIN Diodes
palgong.kyungpook.ac.kr/~ysyoon/Pdf/Pdiode4.pdf
Design With PIN Diodes by Gerald Hiller, M/A-Com. Varactor Diodes
skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200824A.pdf
From Skyworks. Practical Electromagnetic Shielding Primer
cvel.clemson.edu/emc/tutorials/Shielding02/Practical_Shielding.html
This is a great short note on RF shielding that includes illustrations and a few basic equations. By Clemson University. PAMS (Portable Attenuation Measurement System)
praxsym.com/documents/PAMSapplicationnotes2.pdf
PAMS measures shield level and is ideal for shielded enclosure caretakers whether the application is ensuring equipment radiation is effectively attenuated, equipment is protected from external interfering radiation, or electromagnetic pulse (EMP) protection. Shielding and Guarding: How to Exclude Interference-Type Noise Application Note (AN-347)
analog.com/static/imported-files/application_notes/41727248AN_347.pdf
From Analog Devices. 3-in-1 Signal Generator
signalforge.com/shop/images/3-in1_Signal_Generator.pdf
From Signal Forge. MG3700A Vector Signal Generator Waveform Combining Function
us.anritsu.com/downloads/files/MG3700A_EF2100.pdf
By Anritzu Corporation. SG-5000A Signal Generator User Manual
colbyinstruments.com/pdfs/PG5000A_USER_MANUAL.pdf
Colby Instruments SG-5000A Signal Generator User Manual Signal Generator (Source) Basics
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5965-7918E.pdf
By Agilent Technologies. Signal Generator Spectral Purity
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5952-2019.pdf
By Agilent Technologies. EMC Simulation Techniques for Printed Circuit Boards
quantic-emc.com/include/EMC_Sim.pdf
By Dr. Al Wexler. Smart Meters and Smart Meter Systems: A Metering Industry Perspective
aeic.org/meter_service/smartmetersfinal032511.pdf
Edison Electric Institute A Discussion of Smart Meters And RF Exposure Issues
aeic.org/meter_service/smartmetersandrf031511.pdf
Edison Electric Institute Impedance Matching and the Smith Chart – The Fundamentals
ieee.li/pdf/essay/smith_chart_fundamentals.pdf
Great fundamentals tutorial in RF Design, by K-C Chan & A. Harter Smith Chart Flash Presentation
fourier-series.com/rf-concepts/smithchart.html
Brent Locher
An interactive Smith Chart tutorial with 5 different flash programs that contain a lot of embedded audio. Introduction to Smith Charts
telemetry.nmsu.edu/~shoran/PDF/SmithChartTutorial.pdf
Dr. Russell P. Jedlicka. Smith Chart
Here is a long list of great application notes and presentation for the Smith Chart. Smith Chart for Excel
By Kirt Blattenberger. Impedance Matching
literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5952-0496.pdf
Impedance Matching Techniques for Mixers and Detectors, by Agilent Technologies. Impedance Matching and the Smith Chart: The Fundamentals
maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/742
Tutorial on RF impedance matching using the Smith Chart. Examples are shown plotting reflection coefficients, impedances and admittances. A sample matching network of the MAX2472 is designed at 900MHz using graphical methods. By Maxim Integrated Products, Dallas Semiconductor. Impedance Matching - Smith Chart
cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~thc/course_mckt/note/note4.pdf
Very informative presentation from the National Taiwan University (in English). Smith Chart Tutorial
amanogawa.com/archive/docs/G-tutorial.pdf
This is one of the nicest presentations By Professor Amanogawa. Smith Chart Tutorial Part 1
odyseus.nildram.co.uk/RFMicrowave_Theory_Files/SmithChartPart1.pdf
From RFIC.co.uk. Smith Chart Tutorial Part 2
odyseus.nildram.co.uk/RFMicrowave_Theory_Files/SmithChartPart2.pdf
From RFIC.co.uk. One SDR - Articles "to demystify RF technology and make it more accessible to the growing community of Software Defined Radio enthusiasts." Topics include low noise amplifiers, filters, bias tees, and how to shop for equipment. Software-Defined Radio for Engineers - free e-book from Analog Devices Software Defined Radio: Past, Present, and Future - by National Instruments Component Model Building for first-Pass Results
Modelithics paper on creating accurate component models based on substrate parameters, using both vendor parameters and measured results. Cree® XLamp® LED Soldering & Handling
cree.com/products/pdf/XLampSolderingandHandling.pdf
This application note applies to XLamp 4550 & XR family (XR-E, XR-C & XR) LEDs. Soldering Literature Database
ameritherm.com/db_soldering.html
From the Ambrell Group Application Labs. Soldering Tip
By Kirt Blattenberger. Solder Reflow Information
skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200164B.pdf
From Skyworks. Converting S-Parameters from 50Ω to 75Ω Impedance
maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/2866/
By Maxim Integrated Products, Dallas Semiconductor. Displaying S-parameters via the Si9000 Smith Chart
polarinstruments.com/support/cits/AP192.html
From Polar Instruments Ltd. S-Parameter Design
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5952-1087.pdf
By Agilent Technologies. S-Parameter Design
tm.agilent.com/data/static/downloads/eng/Notes/interactive/an-95-/an-95-1.pdf
for Faster, More Accurate Network Design
Application Note 95-1, by Agilent Technologies S-Parameters of PCB Interconnects
commsdesign.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=165700211
(Correctly Correlating)
By Tan Tran, Intel, and Donald Telian, Cadence
TDR and S-parameters Measurements – How Much Performance Do You Need?
tek.com/document/application-note/tdr-and-s-parameter-measurements-how-much-performance-do-you-need?ct=TI&cs=apn&ci=4873&lc=EN Fundamentals of Real-Time Spectrum Analysis
info.tek.com/www-fundamentals-of-real-time-spectrum-analysis.html?ct=TI&cs=pri&ci=2257&lc=EN
A 42-page tutorial by Tektronix. Given the challenge of characterizing the behavior of today’s RF devices, it is necessary to understand how frequency, amplitude, and modulation parameters behave over short and long periods of time. In these cases, using traditional tools like swept spectrum analyzers (SA) and vector signal analyzers (VSA) might provide snapshots of the signal in the frequency domain and the modulation domain, but this is often not enough information to confidently describe the dynamic RF signals produced by the device. IBOC signal measurement by using Boonton’s 9102 Handheld Spectrum Analyzer
noisecom.com/applicationnotes/appnote_evaluateHDradiosignals.pdf
From Boonton Electronics. Spectrum Analyzer Accuracy
literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5968-3659E.pdf
By Agilent Technologies. Using Spectrum Analyzers for Audio Amplifier Design
picotech.com/applications/ampdesign.html
Application note from Pico Technology. SpecAn App Note
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-8902EN.pdf
A Simple Scalar Network Analyzer System Automated With TESTLINK, by Eagleware. Spectrum Analyzer Speed
literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5968-3411E.pdf
By Agilent Technologies. An Introduction to Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Communications
maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/an_pk/1890
A tutorial overview of spread spectrum principles. By Maxim Integrated Products, Dallas Semiconductor. Spread Spectrum & CDMA Theory
newwaveinstruments.com/resources
Spread spectrum systems & theory, PN codes & generators, correlation & correlators, PN synchronization, PN acquisition, PN tracking modulation (GMSK, MSK, ...), multipath fading. By New Wave Instruments. Spread-Spectrum Clock Oscillators Lower EMI
eetasia.com/ARTICLES/2005JUN/A/2005JUN08_ACC_POW_AN.PDF?SOURCES=DOWNLOAD
By Maxim Integrated Products, Dallas Semiconductor. A Guide To RF Switching Systems
dowkey.com/_upload/AN2008-06_Guide_to_RF_Switching_Systems.pdf
Understanding the fundamentals of these complex systems and the ways in which application requirements impact cost and performance. Coaxial Electromechanical Switches: How Operating Life and Repeatability of Agilent’s Electromechanical Switches Minimize System Uncertainty
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-6085EN.pdf
By Agilent Technologies. Creating Your Own RF Switching System
dowkey.com/_upload/AN2008-08_CYOM_Rev1.pdf
The purpose with this Application Note is to introduce an alternative way of meeting switching needs by showing how to design your own RF switch solution using Dow-Key CANBus Switches together with a Dow-Key Switch Controller Kit. Matrix Switches Blocking vs. Non-blocking
jfwindustries.com/catalog/RF_Matrix_Switch_App_Note-111-1.html
This article explores the three most basic types of matrix switches - from JFW. Solid State Switch Products
nardamicrowave.com/east/UserFiles/solid_state_switch_notes.pdf
From Narda Microwave East. Switch Drivers (PIN, FET)
surplussales.com/SurfaceMntSW/pdf/AN_S2079.pdf
Drivers for GaAs FET Switches and Digital Attenuators, by M/A-COM. Switching Power Supply Inductor Selection
powerelectronics.com/mag/power_guide_selecting_inductors/index.html
By Chris Likely, Cooper Electronic Technologies, Power Electronics Technology magazine. Switches
herley.com/index.cfm?act=app_notes¬es=switches
By Herley. Striplines, Suspended
mwjournal.com/Journal/article.asp?HH_ID=AR_3062
Reviewing the Basics of Suspended Striplines tutorial by Microwave Journal. Flip-Chip Tutorials
flipchips.com/tutorials.html
FlipChip.com - New tutorials are posted monthly, except in August, compliments of George A. Riley, PhD, "Dr. Flip Chip." More than 60 currently available. Power Plane & Ground Design for RF PCBs
rfdesign.com/mag/radio_power_supply_ground
Power supply and ground design for WiFi transceiver, by By Roger Bremer, Tracey Chavers, Zhongmin Yu, RF Design magazine. See Resonant Circuits50 Ohm Chip Resistor Termination Narrow Band Matching
aeroflex.com/ams/KDI-RP/pdfiles/APPNOTE2.pdf
From Aeroflex-KDI Resistor Products. Terminations
nardamicrowave.com/east/UserFiles/term_notes.pdf
From Narda Microwave East. Thermal Analysis
coolpowersolutions.fi/Library/PSTD.pdf
Power System Thermal Design by Artesyn. Time and Frequency Domains
highfrequencyelectronics.com/Archives/May05/HFE0505_Tutorial.pdf
A nicely done brief tutorial by Gary Breed, editor of High Frequency Electronics magazine. Thermocouples Introduction to Thermocouples
dataforth.com/catalog/pdf/an106.pdf
By Dataforth Corp. Practical Thermocouple Temperature Measurements
dataforth.com/catalog/pdf/an107.pdf
By Dataforth Corp. Thermocouple Application Note
picotech.com/applications/thermocouple.html
From Pico Technology. Thermal Management Solutions for Printed Circuit Boards Used in Digital and RF Power Electronics and LED Assemblies
asc-i.com/pdf/Thermal_management_of_PCBs_112305.pdf
From American Standard Circuits How to Stop Inrush Current
ametherm.com/inrush-current/how-to-stop-inrush-current.html
This application note provides some design considerations for inrush current protection of the AC current applicable to Switching Power Supplies (SPS). The solution suggested in this application note uses an NTC Power Thermistor in separate legs of the power supply circuit. By Ametherm. Transformer Inrush Current Protection
ametherm.com/inrush-current/transformer-inrush-current.html
This application note provides a convenient solution to deal with the problem of inrush current exceeding saturation current in transformers. The solution uses an NTC Thermistor in series with the primary. By Ametherm. Thermistor Protection for a Precharge Circuit on Lithium Ion Batteries
ametherm.com/inrush-current/thermistor-protection-precharge-circuit-lithium-ion-batteries
When a battery is connected to a load with capacitive input, there is an inrush current surge as the capacitance is charging to the battery voltage. The input current depends on the input capacitance; the larger the batteries and the more powerful the load, the larger the input capacitance. By Ametherm. Application Notes on Rectifier Transformers
toroid.com/custom_transformers/technical_bulletin_1.htm
From Toroid Corporation of Maryland. Rilton Variable Transformers
farnell.com/datasheets/28558.pdffarnell.com/datasheets/28558.pdf
From Farnell. Secondary-Side Transformer Termination Improves Gain Flatness in High-Speed ADCs
maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/an_pk/2884
By Maxim Integrated Products, Dallas Semiconductor. Signal Transformers
coilcraft.com/pdfs/doc157_SigXfrmApp.pdf
Signal Transformer Application and Specification, by CoilCraft. Introduction to Common Printed Circuit Transmission Lines
pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN2093.pdf
By Maxim Integrated Products. Transmission Line Fundamentals
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5988-5604EN.pdf
Gain a better understanding of transmission lines. By Agilent. Transmission Lines
sandiego.edu/~ekim/e194rfs01/tlsmthek.pdf
Waves and Impedances, from University of San Diego, CA. Transmission Lines, Principles of
tpub.com/neets/book10/41.htm
An online tutorial provided by Integrated Publishing website Transmission Lines & Waveguides
cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~thc/course_mckt/note/note2.pdf
Very informative presentation from the National Taiwan University (in English) Ferrite Rod Antennas for RF-identification Transponders
elnamagnetics.com/library/rfant.pdf
By Philips Magnetic Products. A series of design and testing notes by Tektronix
tek.com/Measurement/applications/rf/design_umts_wcdma.html
LNA for WCDMA (UMTS) Features Gain Step
maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/an_pk/3041
By Maxim Integrated Products, Dallas Semiconductor. Ultra Wideband (UWB) Creating Calibrated UWB WiMedia Signals
tek.com/document/application-note/creating-calibrated-uwb-wimedia-signals?ct=TI&cs=apn&ci=11353&lc=EN
From Tektronix. Solutions for MB-OFDM Ultra-wideband
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-5280EN.pdf
From Agilent Technologies. Ultra-Wideband Communication RF Measurements
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-0506EN.pdf
From Agilent Technologies. UWB Antenna Measurements with the 20 GHz E5071C ENA Network Analyzer
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-9805EN.pdf
From Agilent Technologies. A Designer's Guide to the L200 Voltage Regulator
st.com/stonline/books/pdf/docs/1678.pdf
From SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics. The Case for Voltage Regulators When You Already Have UPS or Stand-By Power
elect-spec.com/klrcase.htm
From Electronic Specialists, Inc. Digital Designerʼs Guide to Linear Voltage Regulators and Thermal Management
focus.ti.com/lit/an/slva118/slva118.pdf
From Texas Instruments, Inc. LM78S40 Switching Voltage Regulator Applications
national.com/an/AN/AN-711.pdf
From National Semiconductor. Voltage Regulator Handbook
onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/HB206-D.PDF
By ON Semiconductor. A Discussion of Ferrite Material Characteristics in Waveguide Digital Phase Shifters
trans-techinc.com/documents/No652.pdf
This article discusses ferrite material characteristics relevant to one type, the waveguide digital ferrite phase shifter. From Skyworks. Basic Parameters of Coplanar-strip Waveguides on Multilayer Dielectric/semiconductor Substrates
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=/iel5/6668/27745/01237478.pdf?arnumber=1237478
By Gevorgian, S.; Berg, H.; Jacobsson, H.; Lewin, T. from IEEE. Characterizing The Optical Properties Of Planar Waveguides, Optical Chips And Planar Light Circuits
fiberopticsonline.com/article.mvc/Characterizing-The-Optical-Properties-Of-Plan-0001?VNETCOOKIE=NO
From Fiber Optics Online. Optical Waveguide Characterization
metricon.com/appl-4.html
From Metricon Corporation. Waveguide
nardamicrowave.com/east/UserFiles/waveguide175.pdf
From Narda Microwave East. Waveguide Theory
fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th/waveguide/index.html
This is a very good basics course on waveguide theory - from the Fast Neutron Research Facility Waveguide Tuning
2450mhz.com/PDF/Doc/960006.PDF
By Gerling Applied Engineering. CDMA2000 Design & Performance
rfdesign.com/mag/radio_cdma_design_performance
Requirements
rfdesign.com/mag/radio_cdma_design_performance
February 2005 RF Design magazine, by Bill Schofield and Brad Brannon CDMA & Spread Spectrum Theory
newwaveinstruments.com/resources
Spread spectrum systems & theory, PN codes & generators, correlation & correlators, PN synchronization, PN acquisition, PN tracking modulation (GMSK, MSK, ...), multipath fading. By New Wave Instruments. Wire Bonding
calfinewire.com/fileadmin/calfine_upload/news/wirebonding1.pdf
by Mike Greenelsh, California Fine Wire. Fundamentals of Interference in Wireless Networks
eu.anritsu.com/files/11410-00536.pdf
by Anritsu. GMSK
emc.york.ac.uk/reports/linkpcp/appD.pdf
A nice explanation, from University of Hull. Unraveling Modulation Quality in Mobile WiMAX™ Uplink and Downlink with Multiple Zones and Bursts
mwjournal.com/BGDownload/Agilent_MWJ_200711_WiMAX_WP.pdf
White paper By: VISWANATHAN GANESAN WiMAX Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies. This article delves into the complexities associated with digital demodulation of Mobile WiMAX uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) signals. It covers the modulation quality measurement required for Mobile WiMAX transmitters and provides a recommendation of the best tools to use for developing Mobile WiMAX products. AWR White Paper Brings Emerging Nonlinear Device Models into Focus
web.awrcorp.com/content/Downloads/AWR-X-Parameters-and-Beyond-White-Paper.pdf Understanding X-Parameter Nonlinear Measurements
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5990-5151EN.pdf
Agilent Generating X-Parameters from Circuit-Level Designs
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5990-4628EN.pdf
Agilent Using X-Parameters to Make Nonlinear Measurements of High-Power Amplifiers
http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5990-5431EN.pdf
by Agilent ZigBee Applications for Developers
flexipanel.com/Docs/ZigBee for Applications Developers.pdf
FlexiPanel makes a lot of turnkey modules for ZigBee and Bluetooth applications. Zigbee Transceiver
rfdesign.com/mag/radio_designing_zigbeeready_ieee
RF Design article by Khanh Tuan Le. | 
