CONTENTS FOREWORD.............................................................................ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................1-1
1.1 PURPOSE........................................................................1-1 1.2 SCOPE..........................................................................1-1
1.3 AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION..................................................1-2 2.0
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS....................
.....................................2-1 2.1 ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE OR REPAIRS..............................................2-1
2.1.1 WORK ON ENERGIZED/DEENERGIZED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.........................2-1 2.1.2 CONSIDERATIONS
FOR WORKING ON ENERGIZED SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT..............2-1 2.1.3 SAFETY WATCH RESPONSIBILITIES
AND QUALIFICATIONS...........................2-2 2.2 BASIC SAFEGUARDS...............................................................2-2
2.3 RESPONSIBILITIES...............................................................2-3 2.3.1 MANAGEMENT
RESPONSIBILITIES................................................2-3 2.3.2 EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES..................................................2-3
2.4 REVIEWS/INSPECTIONS............................................................2-4 2.5 APPROVAL
OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT...............................................2-4 2.6 CODES, STANDARDS, AND
REGULATIONS..............................................2-4 2.7 GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS
AND ARC FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS...........2-5 2.7.1 HOW A GFCI WORKS...........................................................2-5
2.7.2 USES.......................................................................2-6 2.7.3 ARC FAULT
CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS.............................................2-7 2.8 TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS
OF QUALIFIED WORKERS.............................2-8 2.8.1 FORMAL TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIONS.........................................2-8
2.8.2 TRAINING OF SAFETY PERSONNEL...............................................2-9 2.9 WORKING
SPACE AROUND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT....................................2-9 2.9.1 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
RATED AT 600 VOLTS OR LESS............................2-9 2.9.2 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT RATED OVER 600
VOLTS..................................2-11 2.10 IDENTIFICATION OF DISCONNECTION MEANS.......................................2-12
2.10.1 DISCONNECTING MEANS.......................................................2-12 2.10.2 PANELBOARD
CIRCUIT DIRECTORIES............................................2-12 2.10.3 ENCLOSURE LABELING........................................................2-12
2.10.4 LOAD LABELING.............................................................2-12 2.10.5 SOURCE
LABELING...........................................................2-12 iii 2.11 WORK INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................2-13
2.11.1 SAFE WORK INSTRUCTIONS AND SUPERVISION....................................2-13 2.12 ELECTRICAL
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT......................................2-14 2.12.1 MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITIES.............................................2-14
2.12.2 INSPECTING PPE............................................................2-14 2.12.3 CLEANING
AND ELECTRICAL TESTING OF PPE....................................2-15 2.12.3.1 TESTING...............................................................2-15
2.12.3.2 TESTING APPARATUS.....................................................2-15 2.12.3.3 RETESTED
PPE..........................................................2-15 2.12.4 LIVE-LINE TOOLS...........................................................2-15
2.12.4.1 FIBERGLASS-HANDLED TOOLS..............................................2-15 2.12.4.2 WOODEN-HANDLED
TOOLS..................................................2-15 2.12.5 MAXIMUM USAGE VOLTAGE.....................................................2-16
2.12.6 MAXIMUM USAGE VOLTAGE FOR LIVE-LINE TOOLS.................................2-16 2.12.7 RUBBER-INSULATED
GLOVES...................................................2-16 2.12.8 STORAGE...................................................................2-16
2.12.9 SAFETY SHOES, HARDHATS, AND GLASSES.......................................2-16 2.13 WORK PRACTICES................................................................2-17
2.13.1 TRAINING..................................................................2-17 2.13.1.1 LIVE
PARTS............................................................2-17 2.13.1.2 SAFE PROCEDURE........................................................2-17
2.13.1.3 CIRCUITS AND EQUIPMENT................................................2-17 2.13.1.4 STORED
ELECTRICAL ENERGY..............................................2-18 2.13.1.5 STORED NONELECTRICAL
ENERGY...........................................2-18 2.13.1.6 LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURE..............................................2-18
2.13.2 VERIFICATION OF DEENERGIZED CONDITION.....................................2-18 2.13.2.1 VOLTAGE
VERIFICATION TEST.............................................2-18 2.13.2.2 APPLICATION OF GROUNDS................................................2-19
2.13.3 REENERGIZING EQUIPMENT....................................................2-19 2.13.3.1 TESTS
AND VISUAL INSPECTIONS..........................................2-19 2.13.3.2 WARNING EMPLOYEES.....................................................2-19
2.13.4.1 APPROACH DISTANCE.....................................................2-20 2.13.4.2 TWO
WORKERS...........................................................2-20 2.13.4.4 ILLUMINATION..........................................................2-20
2.13.4.5 SYSTEMS UNDER LOAD....................................................2-20 2.13.4.6 WORKING
WITH TEST INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT...........................2-20 2.13.4. 6.1 QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES...............................................2-21
iv 2.13.4.6.2 VISUAL INSPECTIONS..................................................2-21 2.13.4.6.3
RATING INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT....................................2-21 2.13.4.6.4 CALIBRATION OF
ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS...............................2-21 3.0
ELECTRICAL PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE............................................3-1
3.1 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENTS....................................3-1 3.2 DEFINITION.....................................................................3-1
3.3 MAINTENANCE....................................................................3-1 3.4 INSPECTION.....................................................................3-1
3.5 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS.............................................................3-3 3.6 PLANNING
AND DEVELOPING AN EPM PROGRAM; FUNDAMENTALS OF EPM....................3-3 3.7 GROUND-FAULT PROTECTION........................................................3-3
4.0 GROUNDING.......................................................................4-1
4.1 REGULATIONS, CODES, AND REFERENCES.............................................4-1 4.1.1 ENGINEERING
SPECIFICATIONS AND DRAWINGS....................................4-1 4.2 CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM GROUNDING...................................................4-1
4.3 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING............................................................4-1 4.4 BONDING........................................................................4-2
4.5 GROUNDED OR UNGROUNDED SYSTEMS.................................................4-3 4.5.1 GROUNDED
SYSTEMS...........................................................4-4 4.5.2 UNGROUNDED SYSTEMS.........................................................4-5
4.5.3 HIGH-IMPEDANCE GROUNDING...................................................4-5 4.6 GROUNDING
REQUIREMENTS.........................................................4-6 4.7 GROUNDING ELECTRODE
CONDUCTOR..................................................4-7 4.7.1 SIZING THE GROUNDING ELECTRODE
CONDUCTOR...................................4-8 4.7.2 EXCEPTIONS TO NEC 250.6 6.................................................4-8
4.8 MAIN BONDING JUMPER............................................................4-9 4.9 SYSTEM
WITH GROUNDED CONDUCTOR.................................................4-10 4.10 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING
CONDUCTOR.................................................4-12 4.10.1 SIZING THE EQUIPMENT GROUNDING
CONDUCTOR..................................4-12 4.10.2 SEPARATE EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS...................................4-13
4.11 UNGROUNDED SYSTEMS............................................................4-13 4.12
GROUNDING A SEPARATELY DERIVED SYSTEM.........................................4-14 4.13 GROUNDING
ELECTRODE SYSTEM....................................................4-15 4.14 GROUND-FAULT PROTECTION
OF EQUIPMENT..........................................4-16 4.15 PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE GROUNDS..................................................4-16
4.15.1 PURPOSE OF PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE GROUNDS...................................4-16 4.1 5.2
CRITERIA FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE GROUNDS...............................4-17 v 4.15.3 GROUNDING
CLAMPS..........................................................4-18 4.15.4 SCREW-TIGHTENING DEVICES..................................................4-18
4.15.5 GROUNDING CABLE LENGTH....................................................4-18 4.15.6
GROUNDING CABLE CONNECTION................................................4-18 4.15.7 CONNECTING
GROUNDING CABLES IN SEQUENCE...................................4-18 4.15.8 REMOVING PROTECTIVE GROUNDS...............................................4-18
4.15.9 PROTECTIVE APPAREL AND EQUIPMENT..........................................4-18 5.0
SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES............................................................5-1
5.1 EXPLOSIVES.....................................................................5-1 5.1.1 EVACUATION.................................................................5-1
5.1.2 SHUTDOWN OF OPERATIONS.....................................................5-1 5.1.3 LIGHTNING
PROTECTION.......................................................5-1 5.1.4 STATIC ELECTRICITY.........................................................5-2
5.1.4.1 BONDING AND GROUNDING EQUIPMENT........................................5-2 5.1.4.2 TESTING
EQUIPMENT GROUNDING SYSTEMS....................................5-2 5.1.4.3 CONDUCTIVE FLOORS, SHOES,
MATS, AND WRISTBANDS.........................5-3 5.1.4.4 SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONDUCTIVE FLOORS AND
WRISTBANDS....................5-3 5.1.4.5 CONDUCTIVE FLOOR TEST..................................................5-3
5.1.4.6 HUMIDIFICATION.........................................................5-4 5.1.4.7 GROUND-FAULT
CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER.......................................5-5 5.1.5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND WIRING............................................5-5
5.1.5.1 PERMANENT EQUIPMENT AND WIRING.........................................5-5 5.1.5.2 HAZARDOUS
LOCATIONS....................................................5-5 5.1.5.3 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS..............................................5-6
5.1.5.4 BUILDING SERVICE ENTRANCE..............................................5-7 5.1.6 TESTING....................................................................5-7
5.1.6.1 TEST SETUP.............................................................5-8 5.1.6.2 PIN SWITCHES
AND OTHER NONINITIATING CIRCUITS..........................5-8 5.1.6.3 LIGHTNING STORMS.......................................................5-8
5.1.6.4 LOW-ENERGY ELECTROEXPLOSIVE DEVICES....................................5-8 5.1.6.5 WARNING
SIGNALS........................................................5-11 5.1.6.6 FIRING LEADS...........................................................5-11
5.1.6.7 ELECTRICAL TESTING INSTRUMENTS FOR USE WITH EXPLOSIVES SYSTEMS.........5-11 5.1.6. 7.1
CLASSIFICATION...................................................5-11 5.1.6. 7.2 CERTIFICATION....................................................5-11
5.1.6. 7.3 ELECTRICAL TESTING INSTRUMENTS FOR USE WITH INITIATING ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS..............................................5-12
vi 5.1.6.7.4 ELECTRICAL TESTING INSTRUMENTS FOR USE WITH NONINITIATING ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS................................................5-12
5.2 PREVENTION OF EXTERNAL IGNITION AND EXPLOSION..................................5-12 5.2.1
SOURCES OF IGNITION........................................................5-13 5.2.2 COMBUSTION
PRINCIPLES......................................................5-14 5.2.3 EVALUATION OF HAZARDOUS
AREAS..............................................5-14 5.2.4 INTRINSICALLY SAFE EQUIPMENT...............................................5-14
5.2.5 ENCLOSURES.................................................................5-14 5.2.6
PURGING/PRESSURIZATION SYSTEMS.............................................5-16 5.3 HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS............................................................5-17
5.3.1 CLASS I....................................................................5-17 5.3.1.1
DIVISION 1.............................................................5-17 5.3.1.2 DIVISION 2.............................................................5-21
5.3.2 CLASS II...................................................................5-21 5.3.2.1 CLASS
II DIVISION 1....................................................5-21 5.3.2.2 CLASS II DIVISION
2....................................................5-23 5.3.3 GROUPS.....................................................................5-23
5.3.4 IGNITION TEMPERATURE.......................................................5-23 5.3.5
FLAMMABLE (EXPLOSION) LIMITS...............................................5-23 5.3.6 FLASHPOINT.................................................................5-24
5.4 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR CLASS I, II, AND III AREAS............................5-24 5.4.1
SEALS AND DRAINS...........................................................5-24 5.4.1.1 SEALS..................................................................5-24
5.4.1.2 DRAINS.................................................................5-25 5.4.1.3 SELECTION
OF SEALS AND DRAINS..........................................5-25 5.4.1.3.1 PRIMARY CONSIDERATIONS.............................................5-25
5.4.1.3.2 TYPES OF SEALING FITTINGS..........................................5-26 5.5 MANUFACTURERS'
DIGEST..........................................................5-26 5.6 DESCRIPTIONS, FEATURES,
AND TEST CRITERIA OF ENCLOSURES FOR HAZARDOUS (CLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS (PER NEMA 250)..........................................5-27
5.7 TYPE 7 ENCLOSURES..............................................................5-27 5.7.1
DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION................................................5-27 5.7.2 FEATURES AND
TEST CRITERIA.................................................5-28 5.8 TYPE 8 ENCLOSURES..............................................................5-28
5.8.1 DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION................................................5-28 5.8.2
FEATURES AND TEST CRITERIA.................................................5-28 5.9 TYPE 9 ENCLOSURES..............................................................5-29
5.9.1 DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION................................................5-29 vii
5.9.2 FEATURES AND TEST CRITERIA.................................................5-29 5.10 UNDERGROUND
FACILITIES........................................................5-29 5.10.1 WORK ON ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT AND CIRCUITS.................................5-30 5.10.2 GROUNDING.................................................................5-31
5.10.3 POWER CABLES AND CONDUCTORS...............................................5-31 5.10.4
TRAILING CABLES...........................................................5-32 5.10.5 TROLLEY CIRCUITS
FOR TRACK HAULAGE........................................5-32 6.0
REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT...........................................6-1
6.1 CONVEYING SYSTEMS..............................................................6-1 6.1.1 ELECTRICAL
DESIGN CRITERIA.................................................6-1 6.2 CRANES AND HOISTS..............................................................6-2
6.2.1 NEC GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................6-2 6.2.2 DISCONNECTING
MEANS........................................................6-3 6.26.2.3 GROUNDING..................................................................6-4
6.2.4 CONTROL....................................................................6-4 6.2.5 CLEARANCES.................................................................6-5
6.2.6 OSHA AND NEC REQUIREMENTS..................................................6-5 6.2.7 MAINTENANCE
AND OPERATIONS.................................................6-5 6.2.8 DOCUMENTED MAINTENANCE.....................................................6-5
6.2.9 MECHANICAL ELEVATING AND ROTATING EQUIPMENT................................6-6 6.3 ELEVATORS
AND ESCALATORS.......................................................6-7 66.3.1 CODES AND STANDARDS........................................................6-7
6.3.2 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS......................................................6-7 6.3.2.1
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LIMITATIONS........................................6-7 6.3.2.2 CONDUCTORS.............................................................6-8
6.3.2.3 DISCONNECTING MEANS....................................................6-86.3.6.3.2.4 MOTORS.................................................................6-9
6.3.2.5 GROUNDING..............................................................6-9 6.3.2.6 OVERSPEED
PROTECTION...................................................6-9 6.3.3 EMERGENCY POWER............................................................6-9
6.3.4 DESIGN.....................................................................6-9 6.3.5 FIRE
PROTECTION............................................................6-10 6.3.6 INSPECTIONS AND
RECORDS....................................................6-11 6.3.6.1 CODES..................................................................6-11
6.3.6.2 INSPECTOR QUALIFICATIONS...............................................6-11 6.4 PORTABLE
AND VEHICLE-MOUNTED GENERATORS........................................6-11 6.5 BATTERIES......................................................................6-12
viii 6.5.1 SURROUNDING SPACE..........................................................6-12
6.5.2 LOCATION...................................................................6-12 6.5.3
VENTILATION................................................................6-12 6.5.4 CONDUIT....................................................................6-13
6.5.5 BATTERY ROOM...............................................................6-13 6.5.6
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT..............................................6-13 6.5.7 TOOLS......................................................................6-13
6.5.8 STORAGE BATTERIES AND BATTERY BANKS........................................6-14 6.5.8.1
TYPES OF HAZARDS.......................................................6-14 6.5.8.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
CRITERIA.......................................6-14 66.5.8.3 OPERATING CRITERIA.....................................................6-15
7.0 WORK IN EXCESS OF 600 VOLTS....................................................7-1
7.1 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR SAFETY....................................................7-1 7.1.1 WORKERS....................................................................7-1
7.1.2 SUPERVISORS................................................................7-2 7.2 TRAINING.......................................................................7-3
7.2.1 EMPLOYEE TRAINING..........................................................7-3 7.2.2 QUALIFIED
EMPLOYEE TRAINING................................................7-3 7.3 JOB BRIEFINGS..................................................................7-3
7.4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING..........................7-4 7.4.1 SHOES......................................................................7-4
7.4.2 HARDHATS...................................................................7-4 7.4.3 EYE
PROTECTORS.............................................................7-5 7.4.5 METAL FASTENERS............................................................7-5
7.4.6 WORK GLOVES................................................................7-5 7.4.7 WORK
CLOTHES...............................................................7-5 7.4.8 FIRE-RESISTANT (FR)
CLOTHING...............................................7-5 7.4.8.1 GENERAL................................................................7-5
7.4.8.2 ELECTRIC ARC HAZARDS...................................................7-5 7.4.8.3 TYPES
OF FIRE RESISTANT FABRICS........................................7-6 7.4.8.4 CLOTHING SYSTEMS.......................................................7-6
7.4.9 RUBBER GLOVES..............................................................7-6 7.4.10
RUBBER LINE HOSE, HOODS, COVERS, SLEEVES, AND BLANKETS....................7-7 7.4.11 LIVE LINE TOOLS...........................................................7-7
7.4.12 STOREROOM STORAGE.........................................................7-7 7.4.13
TRUCK STORAGE.............................................................7-7 7.4.14 PLACING OF
INSULATING GOODS ON CONDUCTORS.................................7-8 ix 7.4.15 REMOVING INSULATING
GOODS FROM CONDUCTORS.................................7-8 7.4.16 CLEANING AND INSPECTING...................................................7-8
7.5 PROTECTIVE GROUNDING OF LINES AND EQUIPMENT....................................7-8 7.5.1 PURPOSE....................................................................7-8
7.5.1.1 REDUCE THE POTENTIAL VOLTAGE DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE WORKER.............7-9 7.5.2 APPLICATION................................................................7-9
7.5.2.1 DEENERGIZED LINES......................................................7-9 7.5.2.2 NEW
CONSTRUCTION OR DISMANTLING OF FACILITIES..........................7-10 7.5.2.3 MINIMUM APPROACH
DISTANCE FROM UNGROUNDED CONDUCTORS...................7-10 7.5.2.4 VISIBLE THREE-PHASE SHORT AND
GROUND REQUIRED..........................7-10 7.5.2.5 GROUND CIRCUIT.........................................................7-10
7.5.3 GROUNDING EQUIPMENT........................................................7-11 7.5.3.1
AVAILABILITY...........................................................7-11 7.5.3.2 APPROVED CAPACITY......................................................7-11
7.5.3.3 GROUNDING CABLES AND HARDWARE..........................................7-11 7.5.3.4
GROUNDING CABLES.......................................................7-11 7.5.3.4.1 STRANDING..........................................................7-11
7.5.3.4.2 JACKETS............................................................7-11 7.5.3.4.3
FERRULES...........................................................7-12 7.5.3.4.4 HANDLING OF GROUNDING
CABLE........................................7-12 7.5.3.4.5 SIZE OF GROUNDING CABLE............................................7-12
7.5.3.4.6 GROUNDING CABLE LENGTH.............................................7-12 7.5.3.4.7
GROUNDING CLAMPS...................................................7-12 7.5.3.4.7.1 CLAMP TYPES....................................................7-12
7.5.3.4.7.2 CLAMP JAWS.....................................................7-13 7.5.3.4.8 GROUNDING
CLUSTER BARS.............................................7-13 7.5.3.4.9 TEMPORARY GROUND RODS..............................................7-13
7.5.4 TESTING BEFORE INSTALLING GROUNDS..........................................7-14 7.5.5
ATTACHING AND REMOVING GROUNDS.............................................7-14 7.5.6.1 WORK LOCATION..........................................................7-14
7.5.6.3 OTHER LOCATIONS........................................................7-15 7.5.7 TESTING
WITHOUT GROUNDS....................................................7-15 7.5.8 GROUND PERSONNEL...........................................................7-15
7.6 INSTALLING OR REMOVING CONDUCTORS..............................................7-15 7.6.1
WORKING ON ENERGIZED LINE OR EQUIPMENT.....................................7-15 7.6.2 STRINGING
OR REMOVING DEENERGIZED CONDUCTORS...............................7-16 7.6.3 STRINGING ADJACENT TO
ENERGIZED LINES......................................7-17 x 7.7 SPECIAL TOOLS..................................................................7-18
7.7.1 LINEWORKERS’ CLIMBING TOOLS................................................7-18 7.7.2
BODY BELTS AND SAFETY STRAPS...............................................7-18 7.7.3 TOOL BAG AND
EQUIPMENT.....................................................7-19 7.7.4 TAPES AND RULERS...........................................................7-19
7.7.5 SPOON AND SHOVELS..........................................................7-19 7.7.6
PIKE POLES.................................................................7-20 7.7.7 HAND AXES
AND SHARP TOOLS..................................................7-20 7.7.8 HANDLINES AND TAGLINES.....................................................7-20
7.8 TREE TRIMMING..................................................................7-20 7.8.1
CARE AND USE OF TOOLS......................................................7-20 7.8.2 CLIMBING...................................................................7-20
7.9 SERIES STREET-LIGHTING CIRCUITS AND APPARATUS..................................7-21 7.10
UNDERGROUND...................................................................7-21 7.10.1 WORKING
IN MANHOLES, UTILITY TUNNELS, AND VAULTS..........................7-21 7.10.2 WORKING ON ENERGIZED
UNDERGROUND CABLES...................................7-23 7.10.3 TERMINALS OF UNDERGROUND CABLES
(POTHEADS)................................7-23 7.11 FERRO-RESONANCE...............................................................7-23
8.0 TEMPORARY WIRING...............................................................8-1
8.1 REQUIREMENTS AND INSTALLATION CONDITIONS OF USE................................8-1 8.1.1 CONTACT
PREVENTION.........................................................8-1 8.1.2 VERTICAL CLEARANCES........................................................8-1
8.1.3 WET LOCATIONS..............................................................8-1 8.1.4 SUPPORTS...................................................................8-1
8.1.5 CONDUIT....................................................................8-2 8.1.6 LIGHTING...................................................................8-2
8.1.7 CONFINED SPACES............................................................8-2 8.1.8 EXPOSED
SOCKETS AND BROKEN BULBS...........................................8-2 8.1.9 GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
FOR PERSONNEL......................................8-2 8.1.10 WIRING METHODS............................................................8-2
8.1.10.1 SERVICE CONDUCTORS....................................................8-3 8.1.10.2 FEEDER
CONDUCTORS.....................................................8-3 8.1.10.3 BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS.............................................8-3
8.1.10.4 NONMETALLIC SHEATHED CABLE............................................8-3 8.2 USING ASSURED
EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTOR PROGRAM............................8-3 8.3 PORTABLE ELECTRICAL TOOLS
AND EQUIPMENT........................................8-5 8.3.1 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE.................................................8-5
xi 8.3.2 CONDITIONS OF USE..........................................................8-6
8.3.3 USE OF EXTENSION CORDS.....................................................8-6 8.3.4 DOUBLE
INSULATED TOOLS.....................................................8-6 9.0
ENCLOSED ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT.....................................9-1 9.1 PURPOSE........................................................................9-1
9.2 SCOPE..........................................................................9-1 9.3 GROUNDING
AND BONDING..........................................................9-1 9.3.1 OBJECTIONAL CURRENT
OVER GROUNDING CONDUCTORS..............................9-1 9.3.2 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTOR..............................................9-2
9.3.3 ENCLOSURE GROUNDING AND BONDING............................................9-3 99.3.4 SPECIAL
CONSIDERATIONS.....................................................9-5 9.4 RACK POWER DISTRIBUTION........................................................9-6
9.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS APPLYING TO ALL AC POWER EQUIPMENT WITHIN OR ATTACHED TO INSTRUMENT RACKS...............................................9-6
9.4.1.1 LOADS..................................................................9-6 9.4.1.2 OTHER
GENERAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS...................................9-6 9.4.2 CONDUCTORS AND CABLES
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS................................9-6 9.4.2.1 FLEXIBLE CABLES........................................................9-7
9.4.2.2 STRAIN RELIEF..........................................................9-7 9.4.2.3 SEPARATION
OF VOLTAGES.................................................9-7 9.4.2.4 OTHER CONCERNS.........................................................9-8
9.4.3 POWER SWITCHES AND INTERLOCK DEVICES SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS.................9-8 9.5 CHASSIS
POWER DISTRIBUTION.....................................................9-8 9.5.1 AC POWER DISTRIBUTION......................................................9-8
9.5.1.1 CHASSIS BONDING AND GROUNDING..........................................9-8 9.5.1.2 CONNECTIONS,
CONNECTORS, AND COUPLINGS.................................9-9 9.5.1.3 TERMINALS/LIVE PARTS...................................................9-10
9.5.2 DC POWER DISTRIBUTION......................................................9-10 9.6 PROTECTIVE
DEVICES FOR ENCLOSED ELECTRICAL/ ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT...............9-10 9.6.1 SURGE ARRESTERS............................................................9-10
9.6.2 FUSES......................................................................9-11 9.6.3
CIRCUIT BREAKERS...........................................................9-11 9.6.4 POWER INTERLOCK
DEVICES....................................................9-11 99.7 DISCONNECTING MEANS............................................................9-11
9.7.1 GENERAL....................................................................9-12 9.7.2 EMERGENCY
SHUTDOWN.........................................................9-12 9.7.3 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS.....................................................9-12
xii 9.8 MARKING AND LABELING REQUIREMENTS..............................................9-13
9.8.1 GENERAL MARKING REQUIREMENTS...............................................9-13 9.8.2
HAZARD MARKING REQUIREMENTS................................................9-13 9.8.3 OTHER REQUIREMENTS.........................................................9-13
9.9 WORKING CLEARANCES.............................................................9-14 9.10
CABLE/UTILITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM...............................................9-15 9.10.1 USAGE
WITH ENCLOSED ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT.......................9-15 9.10.2 REQUIREMENTS..............................................................9-16
9.11 ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTER FACILITIES..........................9-17 9.11.1
AMPACITY OF FACILITY WIRING AND DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT....................9-17 9.11.2 FACILITY GROUNDING
AT TEMPORARY OR REMOTE SITES...........................9-17 9.11.3 FACILITY LIGHTNING PROTECTION.............................................9-18
9.11.4 SURGE PROTECTION..........................................................9-18 9.12 ENCLOSED
POWER ELECTRONICS....................................................9-18 9.12.1 ENCLOSURES..............................................................9-18
9.12.2 COMPONENT CLEARANCES......................................................9-18 9.12.3
INSTRUMENTATION...........................................................9-19 9.12.4 GENERAL...................................................................9-19
9.13 NON-IONIZING RADIATION........................................................9-20 9.13.1
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION.................................................9-20 9.13.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION THREAT TO ELECTROEXPLOSIVE DEVICES..............9-20 10.0
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT.......................................................10-1
10.1 PURPOSE.......................................................................10-1 10.2 SCOPE.........................................................................10-1
10.3 COMPLIANCE WITH OSHA..........................................................10-1 10.4 STANDARDIZED
SAFETY PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES..................................10-2 10.5 EQUIPMENT NOT LISTED BY
A NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED TESTING LABORATORY ...........10-2 10.5.1 HAZARDS...................................................................10-2
10.5.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION...................................................10-2 10.610.6 OPERATION
AND MAINTENANCE.....................................................10-4 10.7 EMPLOYEE QUALIFICATIONS.......................................................10-4
10.7.1 HAZARDS...................................................................10-4 10.7.2 ADDITIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS.................................................10-4 10.8 GENERIC R&D EQUIPMENT.........................................................10-4
10.8.1 POWER SOURCES.............................................................10-5 10.8.1.1
HAZARDS...............................................................10-5 xiii 10.8.1.2 DESIGN
AND CONSTRUCTION...............................................10-5 10.8.1.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.............................................10-6
10.8.2 CONDITIONS OF LOW VOLTAGE AND HIGH CURRENT................................10-6 10.8.2.1
HAZARDS...............................................................10-6 10.8.2.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION...............................................10-7
10.8.2.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.............................................10-8 10.8.3 CONDITIONS
OF HIGH VOLTAGE AND LOW CURRENT................................10-8 10.8.3.1 HAZARDS...............................................................10-8
10.8.3.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS.................................................10-8 10.8.3.3
SAFETY PRACTICES......................................................10-9 10.8.4 RADIO-FREQUENCY/
MICROWAVE RADIATION AND FIELDS...........................10-9 10.8.4.1 HAZARDS...............................................................10-9
10.8.4.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION...............................................10-10 10.8.4.2.1
EXEMPTIONS FROM RFMW EXPOSURE LIMITS................................10-10 10.8.4.2.2 EXPOSURE CRITERIA
FOR PULSED RFMW RADIATION.........................10-11 10.9 METHODS.......................................................................10-13
10.9.1 WIRING METHODS............................................................10-13 10.9.1.1
HAZARDS...............................................................10-13 10.9.1.2 DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION...............................................10-14 10.9.1.2.1 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF EQUIPMENT............10-14 10.9.1.2.2 POWER SUPPLY INTERFACE BETWEEN UTILITY
SYSTEMS AND R&D EQUIPMENT....10-14 10.9.1.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.............................................10-15
10.9.2 UNCONVENTIONAL PRACTICES..................................................10-15 10.9.2.1
GROUNDING.............................................................10-15 10.9.2.1.1 HAZARDS.............................................................10-15
10.9.2.1.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.............................................10-15 10.9.2.1.3
NOISE COUPLING MECHANISMS...........................................10-16 10.9.2.1.4 OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE...........................................10-20 10.9.2.2 MATERIALS USED IN AN UNCONVENTIONAL
MANNER............................10-21 10.9.2.2.1 HAZARDS...........................................................10-21
10.9.2.2.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION...........................................10-22 10.9.2.2.3
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.........................................10-22 10.9.3 WORK ON ENERGIZED
OR DE-ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT....................10-23 10.10 REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFIC R&D
EQUIPMENT......................................10-23 10.10.1 CAPACITORS...............................................................10-23
10.10.1.1 HAZARDS................................................................10-23 xiv
10.10.1.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION..............................................10-24 10.10.1.2.1
AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE DEVICES........................................10-24 10.10.1.2.2 SAFETY GROUNDING...................................................10-25
10.10.1.2.3 GROUND HOOKS.......................................................10-25 10.10.1.2.4
DISCHARGE EQUIPMENT WITH STORED ENERGY IN EXCESS OF 10 JOULES....10-25 10.10.1.2.5 FUSING...........................................................10-26
10.10.1.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE..........................................10-26 10.10.2 INDUCTORS................................................................10-27
10.10.2.1 HAZARDS..............................................................10-27 10.10.2.2
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION..............................................10-27 10.10.2.3 OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE............................................10-28 10.10.3 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTORS.....................................10-28
10.10.3.1 HAZARDS..............................................................10-28 10.10.3.2
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION..............................................10-29 10.10.3.3 OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE............................................10-29 10.10.4 INDUCTION AND DIELECTRIC HEATING
EQUIPMENT...............................10-29 10.10.4.1 HAZARDS..............................................................10-29
10.10.4.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION..............................................10-30 10.10.4.3
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE............................................10-30 10.10.5 LASERS AND X-RAY
EQUIPMENT...............................................10-30 10.10.5.1 HAZARDS..............................................................10-30
11.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY DURING
EXCAVATIONS.......................................11-1 11.1 GENERAL.......................................................................11-1
11.2 REGULATIONS, CODES AND REFERENCES.............................................11-1 11.3 UTILITIES
IDENTIFICATION......................................................11-2 11.3.1 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT..................................................11-2
11.3.2. EXCAVATION PERMIT........................................................11-2 11.4 U11.4
UTILITIES VERIFICATION AND MARKING............................................11-3 11.4.1 FIELD
LOCATION OF EXCAVATION BOUNDARIES...................................11-4 11.4.2 LOCATOR EQUIPMENT
SELECTION AND LIMITATIONS...............................11-4 11.4.3 LOCATOR OPERATOR TRAINING.................................................11-6
11.4.4 FIELD MARKING OF IDENTIFIED UTILITIES.....................................11-6 11.5 UTILITIES
DISPOSITION.........................................................11-7 11.6 WORK CONTROL DURING
EXCAVATIONS...............................................11-7 11.6.1 SAFETY EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES...........................................11-7
11.7 THE EXCAVATION PROCESS........................................................11-8 xv
11.7.1 EXCAVATIONS IN CONCRETE WALLS AND SLABS...................................11-8 11.7.2
MACHINE OR HAND DIGGING...................................................11-8 11.7.3 WORKER PROTECTION.........................................................11-9
11.8 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS.............................................................11-9 12.0
REFERENCES........................................................................12-1
APPENDIX A DOE MODEL ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM.......................................A-1 APPENDIX
B ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS..................................................B-1 B.1 ACRONYMS.........................................................................B-1
B.2 DEFINITIONS......................................................................B-3 DEFINITIONS
APPLICABLE TO 29 CFR 1910 SUBPART S......................................B-3 DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE
TO 29 CFR 1910.269............................................B-17 DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO 29
CFR 1926 SUBPART K......................................B-22 DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO 29 CFR 1926
SUBPART V......................................B-33 DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO SECTIONS 1 THROUGH
10......................................B-37 APPENDIX C WORK MATRICES – EXAMPLES..................................................C-1
APPENDIX D REGULATION MATRICES.......................................................D-1 xvi
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