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How Television Tubes are Made
July 1938 Radio
News
| July 1938 Radio News |
 [Table of Contents]
Wax nostalgic about and learn from the history of early electronics. See articles from Radio & Television News, published 1919-1959. All copyrights hereby acknowledged. |
Even in the late 1930s when this article appeared in Radio News magazine, factory automation had made significant progress from the times when nearly every step of the process had to be performed by hand by workers. However, as components became smaller, more delicate, and precision assembly was essential to assure acceptable performance and reliability, direct human interaction was the only available means for getting the job done. As can be seen in this array of photos from the DuMont company's television cathode ray tube (CRT) production line, simple monochrome tubes required the precision and in-situ decision making of many kinds of skilled craftsmen (and craftswomen). Stories in later editions of various electronics magazines showed that although the level of automation had increased in the production of more complicated color CRTs, there was still a lot of manual labor involved (see list of TV articles below).
How Television Cathode Ray Tubes Are Made
Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) are almost universally used in the reception of television signals. How these complicated tubes are manufactured is clearly shown in the series of pictures below. At present the C.R. tubes are used in oscillographs.
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Figs. 1, 2, 3 - Trimming screens of 2", 9", and 12" tubes. They must be evenly trimmed to insure a perfect picture. Tubes must stand tremendous pressure
Figs. 9, 10, 11- Bombarding tubes. This heats elements of tube to white-hot temperature. Released gases are drawn off by the mercury pump.
Figs. 13, 14 - Oscillographs on the production line. Here raw parts are wired in and components are properly mounted. |
Fig. 4 - Annealing tubes. Stress in glass must be minimized or moved to center out of danger zone. This process shortens and flares blank to prevent any chipping.
Fig. 5 - Assembling stem mounts. Wires are placed between jaws with glass collar. Jaws revolve between flames which heat collar and "cement" it to wires forming stem mount.
Fig. 6 - The exhaust port of 2" tube is formed by a glass blower. An ancient art for the most modern discovery.
Figs. 7, 8 - Stem mounts being assembled prior to insertion in collars. Essentials are spot-welded to insure complete rigidity. Frequent inspections assure early discovery of imperfections.
Fig. 12 - The finished tube is examined for stress and strain by means of a polariscope. Variegated hues reflected indicate strain is present.
Fig. 15 - Testing the action of the completed oscillograph. Long tests are necessary to insure against breakdown in use. Accuracy is essential and tubes are so designed to give this result. Time studies are made to determine deterioration.
Fig. 16 - Allen B. DuMont examines a 12 in. Cathode Ray tube. This is one of the largest manufactured. They must be gingerly handled because of the constant danger of an implosion (the opposite of "explosion"). With careful construction and the shifting of the stresses to the center of the tube (See picture No.4), this occurrence is minimized. The source of the implosion is the external air pressure of 15 lbs. to the square inch to which the tube is constantly subjected. Without the outside air pressure, C.R. tubes could be built to any size and the picture projected could be as large as the ordinary movie. |
Color and Monochrome (B&W) Television Articles
- Color Television Has a Problem - May 1966 Radio-Electronics
- What You Want to Know About Television - February 1949 Popular Science
- Electronic Color Television Is Here - February 1947 Popular Science
- Television on the Job - February 1947 Popular Science
- What You Should Know About X-Ray Radiation in TV Sets - November 1967 Radio-Electronics
- Apollo 10 & 11 Color Video Camera Used Rotating Color Wheel - August 1969 Radio-Electronics
- What Happened at Oslo? - ITU Color TV - January 1967 Radio-Electronics
- Color Television Past Present Future - January 1954 Radio-Electronics
- Basic Color TV, Part I - January 1954 Radio-Electronics
- How Television Cathode Ray Tubes Are Made - July 1938 Radio News
- Color Television Fundamentals, Part 1 - March 1954 Radio & Television News
- Color Television Systems - January 1951 Radio-Electronics
- Simulating a CBS Color Signal - September 1951 Radio & Television News
- The Strange World of Color Vision - January 1958 Radio Electronics
- Color Television? - December 1949 Radio & Television News
- Fundamentals of Color TV: The NTSC System - April 1954 Radio & Television News
- Color TV - October 1953 Radio & Television News
- The Color TV X-Ray Problem - November 1968 Radio-Electronics
- Introduction to Modern Television - February 1939 Radio News
- Television Industry Prepares for Postwar - January 1945 Radio News
- Television Transmission Lines - May 1952 Radio & Television News
- Television in Great Britain - January 1945 Radio News
- Television Set Shipments by Areas - May 1949 Radio & Television News
- Television Forges Ahead - March 1930 Radio News
- The Television Test Pattern - January 1949 Radio & Television News
- Television Tubes by the Thousands - December 1947 Radio News
- Television I.Q. Quiz - October 1948 Radio & Television News
- Television, As I See It - January 1945 Radio News
- The Outlook for Color TV - March 1957 Radio & Television News
- Color TV Today - September 1959 Popular Electronics
- Mac's Service Shop: Motorola's 1974 Color TV Receivers - November 1973 Popular Electronics
- Mac's Service Shop: Cost of Color TV Service - February 1969 Electronics World
- Practical Color TV for the Technician - September 1957 Radio & TV News
- Anxiety Amid Affluence: Why Color-TV Makers Worry - December 27, 1965 Electronics Magazine
- Fundamentals of Color TV - Tri-Gun Receiver Circuits - June 1954 Radio & Television News
- 3-D Color TV for the Future? - May 1958 Radio News
- Mac's Radio Service Shop: Barney Takes on Color - February 1955 Radio & Television News
- TV X-Rays - April 1970 Radio-Electronics
- TV X-Rays Are Back - June 1969 Radio-Electronics
- Television in Twelve Colors - October 1930 Radio-Craft
- Trinitron - Still a Mystery? - February 1972 Popular Electronics
Posted January 4, 2022
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