Miniature Atomic-Powered Battery
May 1957 Radio & TV News Article

May 1957 Radio & TV News [Table of Contents] Wax nostalgic about and learn from the history of early electronics. See articles from Radio & Television News, published 1919-1959. All copyrights hereby acknowledged.

Evidently the procurement cost of promethium 147 never fell low enough to make it affordable by the masses. If it had, though, we might all have been wearing nuclear-powered Elgin National Watch Company timepieces in the last century rather than Timex. Beta particles from the radioactive decay of promethium 147 impinge upon special crystalline components that generate enough electricity in this cell to power a watch for five years or more. I wonder, had it been successful, how long it would have been before 'that persistent rash' on people's wrists and upper thighs (for pocket watch users) was determined to be due not to a metal allergy, but to a radiation burn? It is amazing such schemes were ever considered, but then again I still have dental fillings with lead amalgams in them.

Miniature Atomic-Powered Battery

Delivers continuous power for at least live years.

Atomic energy has come a giant stride closer to casual use by the man on the street with the recent announcement of a tiny nuclear-powered battery that will deliver useful electrical current for at least five years.

It is the first such device to harness radioactive materials in a way that makes them safe for extensive personal use without special precautions, say inventors of the cell. Although not yet available commercially, the long-life battery will eventually be used in such products as electrically operated wrist watches, hearing aids, miniature portable radios, and civil-defense warning receivers for the home that can operate around the clock for years.

The atom cell, developed by Elgin National Watch Co. in conjunction with Walter Kidde Nuclear Labs. Inc., Garden City, N. Y., operates for a period of time that is determined by the rate at which the radioactive promethium 147 disintegrates. This presently scarce isotope, which was reclaimed from the atomic bomb "ash heap," is now believed to have a half-life of about 2 1/2 years. Present high cost of promethium 147 will delay commercial availability of the atomic cell, although extensive expansion of production facilities by the A.E.C. has already started.

The two-stage process of producing electrical energy within the cell involves a tiny amount of phosphor, or crystalline substance that converts into light energy the beta energy particles emitted by the radioactive isotope. A silicon diode, which actually operates as a photocell, then changes this light into usable electrical current.

The Elgin-Kidde cell uses a transparent container of radiation-resistant plastic to seal the light source, which gives off red and infrared radiation. Photocells, of a modified solar type, may be connected in various ways to produce output voltages from 1/4 to 1 volt, with an output power of 20 μw. when new, falling to 5 μw. after 5 years. The present cell is housed in a compact metal protective shielding.

Laboratory samples to date have delivered 20 μa. of current. According to present target specifications, a cell will be made to deliver 40 μa of current by the use of larger amounts of the radioactive material.

Beta radiation converted to light acts on photocells and produces electricity.

Posted August 1, 2014