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 Have you noticed that every time a shooting
or other attack event occurs - especially pertaining to "R" targets - the quality
of the video looks like something from the 1970s, or of a UFO sighting? Most private
surveillance cameras in homes, cars, and businesses - even traffic cams - have resolution
and full color so good you can distinguish faces and even identify brands of clothing,
weapons, etc. This is a frame from the attempted assassination attempt this weekend
at the White House Correspondents Dinner. The perp, a celebrated "Teacher of the
Month" from California, rushed the security point with multiple weapons. Conceal
carry, do training, and watch your six.
 In the early 1950s, the U.S. Navy built
what was at the time the world's largest and most powerful radio broadcast transmitter
station at the
Jim Creek Naval Station on Wheeler Mountain in Washington state.
Its 1.2 MW, 24.8-to-35 kHz VLF transmitter (call sign NLK) can reach anywhere
in the world, even to submarines. A half wavelength at 24.8 kHz is 19,830 feet.
Photos indicate that the transmitter is located in the middle of a dipole arrangement.
"Catenary cables," if you are unfamiliar with the term, refers to the sagging shape
assumed by both the antenna cables and the tower support cables. "Catenary" stems
from the word "chain" since it is in the form...
 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was
a common cleaning agent used commercially through about the early 1950s when it
began receiving a lot of bad press due to a linkage to severe kidney damage from
exposure even in vapor form. I notice that Mac mentions having read an article about
the potential danger of "carbon-tet" in an edition of Radio & Television
News magazine, not coincidentally the publication where the "Mac's Radio Service Shop" series appears. He also mentions a publication
called International Projectionist, which included instructions for cleaning
movie film with carbon tetrachloride, and had...
 It is amazing to me how many times I read
an article, whether in a vintage magazine like this 1947 issue of Radio News,
or a current edition of QST, how when discussing maximum power transfer
from a source to a load, the author states merely that the load impedance must equal
the source impedance. The fact of the matter is that the source and load impedances
must be the
complex conjugates of each other in order for maximum power transfer
to occur. That is to say that if the source has a complex impedance of R + jX, then
the load must have a complex impedance of R - jX (and vice versa)...
 Unlike today when resources of all types
seem to be endlessly available, during World War II countries needed to collect
and recycle much in the way of metal, rubber, cloth, and other basic materials for
re-purposing into products used in fighting the enemy. Media coverage of bottle,
metal, and tire drives showed children pulling Radio Flyer wagons loaded to overflowing
with such items gathered from trash piles and soliciting neighborhood residents
for anything that could be spared. Raw materials were not the only type of items
needed, however. "Use
it up, Wear it out, Make it do, or Do without" was the slogan. Finished goods
like electronic components - vacuum tubes, transmissions cable, transmitters and
receivers, tuning capacitors, d'Arsonval meter movements, and other parts -
were sorely needed by manufacturers both for building new equipment and for servicing
damaged gear. After the war was won, the War Assets Administration...
 Around the time when this "The
Great QSL Quarrel" appeared in a 1960 issue of Electronics Illustrated
magazine, there was a long-standing friction between amateur radio operators and
shortwave listeners regarding the exchange of QSL confirmation cards. Far from mere
paper, many hams view their custom-designed cards as valuable reflections of their
personal rigs and efforts. Consequently, they often discard subpar listener cards
that are illegible, aesthetically dull, or lacking meaningful data. To ensure their
reports are actually welcomed, shortwave listeners are urged to adopt higher standards:
utilizing professional printing or clear handwriting...
 A momentous development that changed the
field of radio communications warranted merely a half-page announcement in 1935
when
frequency modulation inventor Edwin Armstrong had his article
published in Radio-Craft magazine. It indisputably changed the world while causing
poor Mr. Armstrong much grief while defending his right to the invention. Spread
spectrum modulation / demodulation would be the next big communications advance
that began with the frequency hopping (FHSS) scheme dreamed up by Hollywood actress
Hedy Lamarr and pianist Antheil George during World War II. Direct sequence
spread spectrum (DSSS) followed in the digital age, and since then I do not know
of any fundamentally new communications technology in that time...
 Since 2005, San Francisco Circuits has been
a trusted U.S. provider of advanced PCB manufacturing and assembly solutions for
R&D innovators, prime contractors, and integration experts.
Flying Probe Testing (FPT) has long been a reliable method for validating PCB
designs, particularly for prototypes and low volume production. Unlike traditional
in circuit testing (ICT), which relies on custom built fixtures, flying probe systems
use movable probes to test electrical connections directly, eliminating the need
for dedicated hardware. Flying probe testing uses multiple programmable probes to
contact pads...
 The February 1947 issue of Radio News
only had two
electronics-themed comics. Many months have up to half a dozen
comics. Maybe the winter blues had set in with the magazine's illustrators. The
first comic is a tad bit prescient in that it depicts a robber running past a television
store and seeing a TV in the front display window showing a real-time video of the
cop chasing him. That was way before there was a video surveillance camera on every
street corner. I haven't discovered a vintage magazine yet with someone taking a
"selfie." There is a growing list...
 These are the schematics and parts list
for vintage
Emerson vacuum tube radio models 501, 502, and 504;
Crosley model 56TD-W; and
Arvin model 140P as they appeared in the November 1947 issue of
Radio News magazine. I scan and post these for the benefit of hobbyists
and historians seeking such information. As time goes by, there is less and less
likelihood that records of these relics from yesteryear's archives will be made
available. As with all historical information, it takes someone with a personal
interest in preserving the memories in order to fulfill the mission...
 John Comstock created many crossword puzzles
for Radio & TV News magazine, and a couple others, in the 1950s and
1960s. This one titled "Test
Equipment Teaser," appeared in the March 1959 issue. It is not a densely populated
grid with complex intersections of crossing words (unlike the RF Cafe crossword
puzzles, which do have them), but at least with this kind, all of the words and
clues are directly related to electronics and technology (like RF Cafe crosswords).
Anyway, it shouldn't take you too long to zip through this one. The only clue/word
that might give you trouble is 32 Across. Enjoy...
 Exodus Advanced Communications' representatives,
in discussions during last month's EMV (Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit) show
in Cologne, had many attendees express interest in receiving an Exodus brochure
covering our RF amplifier solutions for
drone (UAS) applications. Exodus supports defense contractors with a family
of RF amplifier modules optimized for UAV, drone, mobile, and fixed Counter-UAS
platforms. At the center of this portfolio is the
AMP10008, an ultra-lightweight solid-state RF amplifier module
that demonstrates what is possible when SWaP is treated as a primary design driver
rather than a compromise...
 The cover of this month's Radio &
Television News magazine is part of the issue's story on performance testing
of resistors. The author was an engineer for
International Resistance Company (IRC), which is still in business
as part of TT Electronics. The massive ovens were used for load-life testing to
certify resistor products for both military and commercial uses. When required,
humidity enclosures subjected resistors to increased levels to test for insulation
breakdown at high voltage. As the article observes, since a 10-cent resistor can
take down a multi-thousand system, it is important to guarantee every component's
integrity...
 Werbel Microwave is a manufacturer of RF
directional and bidirectional couplers (6 dB to 50 dB) and RF power dividers
/ combiners (2- to 16-way) with select models operating up to 26.5 GHz and
100 W of CW power (3 kW peak). All are RoHS and REACH compliant and are
designed and manufactured in our Whippany, NJ, location. Custom products and private
label service available. Please take a couple minutes to visit their website and
see how Werbel Microwave can help you today.
 RF Cafe's spreadsheet-based engineering
and science calculator,
Espresso
Engineering Workbook™, is a collection of electrical engineering and physics
calculators for commonly needed design and problem solving work. The filter calculators
do not just amplitude, but also phase and group delay (hard to get outside of a
big $$$ simulator). It is an excellent tool for engineers, technicians, hobbyists,
and students. Equally excellent is that Espresso Engineering Workbook™ is provided
at no cost, compliments of my generous sponsors. 49 worksheets to date...
 Although the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
on December 7, 1941, was a complete surprise and shock to the nation, that fact
that the United States would eventually be drawn officially into World War II
was well known. The amateur radio community had begun talking about the potential
impact on radio communications hobbyists earlier in the year, as evidenced by articles
printed in QST and other magazines. Within a couple weeks of Congress declaring
war, all unauthorized transmissions from Ham stations were terminated in order to
prevent both intentionally and unintentionally conveyance of information that could
proves useful by the enemy. Along with being a patriotic bunch that were eager to
help defeat Axis powers, they also...
 Here, for your work-week enjoyment, are
a half dozen
electronics-themed comics that appeared in the January 1950 edition of Radio &
Television News magazine. When is the last time you saw a comic in a technical
magazine? I particularly like the one with the "green worm" displaying on the television.
There is a list of other comics at the bottom of the page...
 If this Radio-Craft magazine article
is accurate, it was sometime around 1935 that the
8-pin glass-encased vacuum tube base came into existence. The
glass-metal designation refers to these being glass enclosed equivalents to otherwise
metal encased vacuum tubes. Evidently, the relatively new (and expensive) line of
metal tubes sported 8-pin bases so these glass tube designs had to conform in order
to be suitable substitutes...
 If some of the images in this issue of
Electronics Illustrated magazine were made within the last couple years,
I would swear they were AI-generated. Surely, there are not really
people as stupid as those shown here... but, alas, there apparently are. These
photos were published in 1960. The ARRL has always published recommended safety
practices - particularly regarding high voltages from overhead power lines and lightning
strikes. How anyone, like the guy in the first photo, could ever even considering
standing on a ladder and sticking his arm between even the 240-volt house supply
line from the utility pole - without even a current-limiting device like a fuse
or circuit breaker inline - is beyond comprehension. Clearly, the antenna already
installed...
 This episode of "Mac's Radio Service Shop" goes down a drastically different path
than most, at least until the very end where a completely unrelated anecdote about
interference with a remote garage door opener is told by Mac. Although the exact
issues chanted by electronics technician cum repairman Barney Gallagher regarding
many manufacturers' penchant for designing and selling unserviceable equipment is
dated, the principle remains the same. We have all wished a designer had to service
the product he/she has designed and sold to us...
 "Ten
U.S. researchers and scientists have reportedly died or disappeared over the past
33 months amid increasing speculation about the cause of some of the disappearances,
according to news coverage. Steven Garcia, a 48-year-old government contractor who
allegedly had top-level clearance at a key nuclear facility disappeared in August
2025 after reportedly leaving behind his phone, wallet and keys, taking a gun and
leaving his home in New Mexico on foot, NewsNation reported Thursday. Moreover,
retired Air Force Maj. Gen. William Neil McCasland similarly went missing on Feb.
27 after leaving his home in Albuquerque on foot, the outlet reported. Eight other
well-known scientists and researchers..."
 For the sake of avid cruciverbalists amongst
us, each week I create a new crossword puzzle. All
RF Cafe
crossword puzzles are custom made by me, Kirt Blattenberger, and have only words
and clues related to RF, microwave, and mm-wave engineering, optics, mathematics,
chemistry, physics, and other technical subjects. As always, this crossword contains
no names of politicians, mountain ranges, exotic foods or plants, movie stars, or
anything of the sort unless it/he/she is related to this puzzle's technology theme
(e.g., Reginald Denny or the Tunguska event in Siberia). The technically inclined
cruciverbalists amongst us will appreciate the effort. Enjoy!
 Here is
Bendix
Models 636A, C, D schematic and parts list as featured in a 1947 edition of
Radio News magazine. No operational or alignment information was provided. The 636A
is a tabletop radio using five vacuum tubes in the detector and amplifier stages,
and a single vacuum tube rectifier in the power supply. Its shiny Bakelite cabinet
sported an Art Deco style, which was popular back in the day. The images to the
left are from a recent eBay listing, for $60, where the seller says it is in working
condition. As mentioned many times in the past, I post these online for the benefit
of hobbyists looking for information to assist in repairing or restoring vintage
communication equipment...
 Johanson Dielectrics has been a worldwide
producer of high quality ceramic chip capacitors for over 60 years. We design and
manufacture capacitors in a state-of-the-art facility in Camarillo, CA. Standard
and high voltage SMT ceramic chip capacitors, as well as a variety of standard and
custom high voltage & high capacitance value ceramic capacitors.
 The 1958-59
International Geophysical Year was an unprecedented eighteen-month global scientific
initiative involving 30,000 participants from 66 nations who invested up to 1.5
billion dollars to study Earth's interior, oceans, and atmosphere. Utilizing military
rockets and emerging satellite technology, researchers achieved major breakthroughs,
most notably Dr. James Van Allen's discovery of the radiation belts surrounding
Earth and enhanced understanding of ionospheric radio propagation, solar flares,
and geomagnetism. While the project aimed to improve communications...
 When I first saw an
Erie Resistor Corporation advertisement in the December 1958 issue
of Popular Electronics, I decided to research its history here in Erie,
Pennsylvania, where I live. Click on that hyperlink if you are interested in what
I discovered. This advertisement appeared in the January 1952 issue of Radio &
Television News magazine, so I figured I'd post it as well...
|
 • Broadband
Equipment Market Set for 2026 Rebound
• Foundry
Revenues to Grow 24.8% YoY
• U.S.
Manufacturing Sector Flexes Its Muscles
• Meta to Ax
10% of Workforce Being Replaced w/AI
• Middle East Conflict
Rewiring Global Supply Chains
 The
RF Cafe Homepage Archive
is a comprehensive collection of every item appearing daily on this website since
2008 - and many from earlier years. Many thousands of pages of unique content have
been added since then.
 In this 1959
Radio-Electronics magazine promo, Bell Telephone Laboratories showcased its
advanced
radio-inertial guidance system, a technological breakthrough enabling
precise long-range missile flight. Developed for the Air Force's Ballistic
Missile Division, this innovation proved its efficacy by guiding a Thor-Able
nose cone to a precise target five thousand miles away, allowing for a
successful aerial and maritime recovery. The system utilized a missile-borne
transmitter to feed continuous data to ground-based radar and a Remington Rand
Univac computer, which calculated real-time steering corrections. By keeping the
primary command equipment on the ground...
 A series of three articles appeared in 1973 issues
of Popular Electronics that conducted a high-level review - or introduction if you've
never seen it before - of DC circuit analysis. In this first installment, Professor Arthur
Seidman, of the Pratt Institute, covers a variety of subjects starting with
direct current (DC) circuit theory. Ideal current and voltage sources, units and
notations, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's law, resistors, capacitor and inductor charge and discharge
curves, series and parallel circuits, power calculations, conductance, and other good
stuff is covered. There is even (gasp) a bit of calculus presented...
 Windfreak Technologies is proud to announces
the availability of our
FT108, an innovative
programmable bidirectional filter bank spanning a frequency range of 5 MHz
to 8 GHz in 15 bands. Band selection can be controlled through USB, UART or
at high speeds through powerful triggering modes. Each unit is factory tested via
network analyzer with unique data stored in the device to help with its use. Crossover
frequencies are stored so the user can send a frequency command and the FT108 will
utilizes Intelligent Band Selection logic to automatically toggle the optimal
filter path based on minimum insertion loss. Readback of FT108 insertion loss at
any frequency between crossover points allows for easy amplitude leveling...
 Here are a few more
tech-themed comics from vintage editions (1962 and 1970) of Popular Electronics
magazine. The first comic with the transistors and fuse is really clever, IMHO.
It was one of the "Parts Talk" series. The other two are directed toward amateur
radio operators, but you don't need to be one to appreciate the humor. There is
a hyperlinked list at the bottom of the page of most of the other comics I've posted
over the years. It's a shame that comics rarely appear in contemporary technical
magazines - probably too afraid of offending someone...
 In the early days of America's official involvement
in World War II (we were unofficially involved in supplying equipment and strategy
much earlier), much effort was expended in educating the public on the implements
and tactics of war. Doing so help engaged citizens and give them a sense of involvement.
Motivating young men (primarily) to volunteer to go far from home to fight an enemy
in places most had never heard of before was a tall order. Sure, a forced conscription
was implemented (the country's first peacetime draft beginning September 16, 1940),
but patriotic volunteers are generally preferred for leadership and long-term commitment
to achieving victory. That's not to say draftees were not likely to turn out being
leaders and career men. Interestingly, so many American men were volunteering for
duty that a presidential order was issued in December of 1942 banning volunteer
service; the government would be the sole determiner of who would be in the service.
...but I digress. This "Nitrogen
Makes High Explosives for Modern War" article...
 Ironically, an RF Cafe visitor just within
the last couple days wrote about possibly getting his Amateur radio license in order
to permit live broadcasting of his kite-borne video camera system (known as "Kite
Aerial Video" [KAV]), or Kite Aerial Photography [KAP]). Slow scan television
SSTV has long been a popular facet of Ham radio since prior to broadband Internet
connections; it was the only practical method available. Older equipment was large,
heavy, power hungry, and relatively expensive, but today you can buy a much improved
camera for a few bucks that transmits real-time via an unlicensed 2.4 GHz wireless
link. That data stream can be recorded for later use of streamed real-time to the
Internet. As with so many other things, easy availability takes some of the challenge
out of it, but the world benefits from having all kinds of way-cool videos to watch...
 Try Googling "cyclodos" and "cyclophone"
and see what you come up with. I found that Cyclodos is a German company which makes
apparel from recycled inner tubes and tents (among other things), and cyclophone
is a weird bicycle-mounted contraption for blasting sound while peddling down the
street. In 1946 when this article appeared in Radio News magazine,, the
terms cyclodos and cyclophone referred to modulator and demodulator tubes, respectively,
for
pulse-time modulation applications. Fortunately, the science of pulse modulation
quickly evolved past such devices. This article goes into quite a lot of detail
on the beginnings of pulse modulation techniques developed for radar systems during
World War II. It is very informative without going into the gory details of
equations that govern the theory...
 You will not find the name Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) mentioned anywhere in this WWII era (1945 Radio News magazine) story
reporting on the activities of the
Foreign Broadcast Intelligence Service (FBIS), since the CIA was not formally
established until 1947. FBIS became a branch of branch the CIA, however. Per
the CIA website "For nearly 70 years, the Foreign Broadcast Information Service
(FBIS) monitored the world's airwaves and other news outlets, transcribing and translating
selected contents into English and in the process creating a multi-million page
historical archive of the global news media." Equally surprising is that the British
Broadcasting Service (BBC) has a similar activity known as the Summary of World
Broadcasts (SWB). Together, their operators attempted to monitor every radio transmission
made worldwide in order to provide intelligence for the war effort. As with so many
forms of technology during the war years, intelligence gathering capability grew
rapidly and significantly. Listening to "chatter" amongst military personnel...
 The dichotomy between the customer who is
worried about the service
shop owner ripping him off and the service shop owner who is worried about the
customer ripping him off is an old one. Given how even normally honest people allow
themselves a "white lie" here and there to consummate a business deal or pacify
the whims of an acquaintance, it is understandable how such suspicions come to be.
In this 1958 issue of Radio & TV News, Mac McGregor and trusty sidekick
Barney Jameson discuss how to handle customers who imply the desire for or outright
request (even demand) special consideration on repair services and/or replacement
parts. The steadfast policy of Mac's Service Shop was "cash-only" - no exceptions.
In the days before readily available credit cards and cash advances from ATMs, it
was usually up to the business to extend and take the risk for credit. Often collecting
on the promised funds consumed significant effort and on occasion resulted in failure...
 Although this article discusses audio waveform
measurements, the lesson learned applies equally well to any waveform frequency.
In the RF realm, we are accustomed to injecting two sinewaves at equal amplitudes
into a unit under test (UUT) and reading the relative output powers of the two input
signals and the
n-order intermodulation signals. It is usually a very simple test with simple
to interpret results handily shown on the display of a spectrum analyzer. The task
is made a bit more difficult when injecting signals of unequal strengths and especially
when measuring in units of voltage as a viewed on an oscilloscope display. I dare
say most of us need to do some head scratching and looking up of formulas to pull
off such a measurement...
 Presenting yourself or your company as being modeled after a person
of great accomplishment has been a common promotional tactic for as long as there
has been print media. The John Hancock chose in this issue of
The Saturday Evening Post to suggest, albeit by an indirect
approach, to elicit the admiration Americans had for Thomas Edison' lust for innovation
and desire to make people's lives better in hopes that readers would associate Edison
with the insurance company. While the juxtaposition is strained, I do like one line
in particular, "He lured electricity into a bottle and taught it to glow with good
cheer." This short tribute to on of the world's greatest engineers is worth your
a few moments of your valuable time...
 When a worker assembling cellphones in a
plant in China hurls him/herself out of a window, it makes headlines. Like the human
cost of extracting the minerals that go into making cellphone components, people
yawn and write it off as the cost of progress. Among the many other dimensions of
that cost is one that, until recently, received little attention -
cell tower worker falls. According
to a joint investigation by Frontline and ProPublica that was aired in May 2012,
there is a well-established record of ill-equipped and ill-trained climbers who
fall [pun intended] victim to low budget operations... and, to be honest, sometimes
their own stupidity. Cell tower climbers experience 10x more on-the-job deaths as
the average construction worker. That might seem logical and even expected given
that you normally think of a construction worker as the guy banging nails in that
new housing development down the road...
 Coaxial cable is the most familiar form
of
RF transmission line for most people these days. Up until 2009 when the U.S.
switched to digital television (DTV), there were still a fairly large number of
people who had the old 300 Ω twin lead cable running from roof-top antennas
to TV sets. Over-the-air reception has petered off precipitously since then. Coaxial
cable is undoubtedly more convenient and forgiving regarding routing since proximity
to structures - particularly metallic components - is less sensitive than twin lead.
Good quality 300 Ω twin lead cable (~70¢/foot today for 100') used to cost
less than good quality 75 Ω RG-6 cable (~35¢/foot today for 100'), but just
a couple decades ago when twin lead dominated, the opposite was true. What has not
changed is the insertion loss of 300 Ω twin lead cable is typically around
2 dB at VHF TV channel frequencies (54-210 MHz), and 450 Ω ladder
line (twin lead on steroids) is about 1/2 or less of that (see "Loss Figures for
300 Ohm Twin Line"). Insertion loss on RG-59 coaxial cable is around 4 dB/100'
in the same band (RG-6 is ~3 dB/100', and RG-11 is ~2 dB/100')...
 Mr. B. N. Slade, of the Tube Department
of Radio Corporation of America, wrote a series of articles on
transistor development for three 1952 issues of Radio & Television News
magazine. Consider that it was only four years earlier, a few days before Christmas,
that Messrs. Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley announced their game-changing invention
of the point contact transistor. Already a plethora of commercial transistors were
on the market for incorporation into new electronic products. At the time, germanium
was still the semiconductor of choice, although silicon was gaining ground in laboratories.
This article covers the three basic transistor circuit topologies of common emitter,
common base, and common collector, which are analogous to vacuum tube circuits using
common cathode, common grid, and common plate topologies, respectively. Operation
up to around 200 MHz was obtainable...
 QST, the monthly publication of
the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), occasionally ran a
crossword puzzle with an electronics theme. This one appeared in the April 1967
edition. Unlike the weekly RF Cafe crossword puzzles, this one does have a few words
that are not strictly technology and science themed. However, many of the clues
and words require some familiarity with Ham radio subjects and lingo...
 This is part 5 in a series that began in
the October 1951 issue of Radio & Television News magazine (see part
4). Previous articles dealt with
crystal diodes in AM and FM radios, and this article shifts gears by moving
into television applications. Crystal diodes were and are still used in frequency
generation, envelope detection, frequency mixing, and AC signal rectification. Vacuum
tubes could be used for the latter three applications but many physical issues such
as size, weight, power consumption, and heat dissipation proved to be major drawbacks
as designers strived to reduce the size of electronics assemblies, make them more
energy efficient, lower the cost of manufacturing, increase reliability, and decrease
weight. Demands for portability was the motivation for much of the work. Early crystal
diodes could be noisy and fragile if not mounted carefully, but as will all technology,
continual R&D has refined and improved crystals significantly...
 This Radio & TV News magazine
article on crystal filters will probably be more useful to people responsible for
maintenance on old RF systems than for new designs. The technology has come a long
way since 1957 when it was published.
Crystal filters were heralded as godsends as airwaves became more crowded and
simple LC filters could not provide the required Q to prevent cross-channel interference.
Of course the problem is many times worse today, but components are better now than
then with low-cost integrated circuit front ends that handle a lot of the selectivity
issues and SAW filters with better performance than many crystals...
 Ah, those were the good old days, when governments
used their limited
reconnaissance ability to spy on people, places, and things deemed to be a
clear and present threat to the well-being of country. In 1964, during the
height of the Cold War, collecting and interpreting communications data was
still a very human-intensive chore, so assets were necessarily allocated based
on highly strategic targets. Today, data collection collection, storage, and
analysis is cheap and is done mostly unattended by humans until a red flag goes
up. The possibility of a nuclear attack from the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (U.S.S.R.) was a very real and even likely possibility. The strategic
advantage of a first strike was immense, so it was to the world's advantage to
monitor and react as quickly as possible. The Soviet Socialists liked to
propagandize about being...
 Homepage
Archives for December 2023. Items on the RF Cafe homepage come and go at a pretty
fast rate. In order to facilitate fast page loading, I keep the size reasonable - under a megabyte (ebay, Amazon, NY Times, etc., are multiple
megabytes). New items are added at the top of the content area, and within a few
days they shift off the bottom. If you recall seeing something on the homepage
but now it is gone, fret not because many years I have maintained
Homepage Archives. |
