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Science & Engineering Instruments
 Radiosondes and Rawinsondes
Radiosondes and rawinsondes are types of instruments used to measure
atmospheric parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind
speed/direction at various altitudes. While they are similar in function, there
are some differences in how they operate.
A radiosonde is a small, battery-powered device that is carried aloft by a
helium-filled balloon. As the balloon rises, the radiosonde transmits data back
to a ground station, typically using radio waves. The data includes measurements
of temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind speed/direction. Radiosondes are
often used in weather forecasting and research, as they provide a vertical
profile of the atmosphere.
A rawinsonde is similar to a radiosonde, but it also has a radar system that
allows it to measure wind speed and direction in addition to the other
atmospheric parameters. The radar system sends out a signal that is reflected
back by particles in the air, and the Doppler shift of the signal is used to
calculate wind speed and direction. Rawinsondes are typically launched from the
ground using a balloon, and they transmit data back to a ground station in
real-time.
A wind-sonde is a type of instrument that is used to measure wind speed and
direction aloft using radio waves. Like radiosondes and rawinsondes, wind-sondes
are typically carried aloft by a balloon. As the wind-sonde rises, it transmits
a signal back to a ground station, which is used to calculate wind speed and
direction. Wind-sondes are often used in research and atmospheric monitoring.
 Pyrheliometer
A pyrheliometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the direct solar
irradiance, or the amount of solar radiation received at the Earth's surface
from the sun's direct beam. It is designed to measure the total amount of solar
radiation within a specific wavelength range, typically from 0.3 to 3
micrometers.
The instrument consists of a thermopile detector that is enclosed in a glass
dome. The thermopile measures the temperature difference between two surfaces,
one of which is exposed to the sun's radiation, while the other is kept at a
constant temperature. The temperature difference is proportional to the amount
of solar radiation received by the exposed surface.
Pyrheliometers are widely used in meteorology, climatology, solar energy
research, and other fields where precise measurements of solar radiation are
required. They are typically calibrated against a reference instrument and
require regular maintenance to ensure accurate measurements.
 Yardney Silvercel Battery HR1
The Yardney Silvercel Battery HR1 is a high-reliability, high-temperature,
rechargeable silver-zinc battery. It is often used in aerospace, defense, and
medical applications where high performance and reliability are critical.
The HR1 battery is designed to operate at temperatures of up to 70°C (158°F)
and can deliver high power over a wide temperature range. It has a high energy
density and can be charged and discharged repeatedly without losing performance.
Yardney is a company that specializes in the development and production of
batteries for demanding applications. Their Silvercel batteries are known for
their high energy density, long cycle life, and high reliability. The HR1 is one
of their most advanced batteries and is widely used in critical applications
where failure is not an option.
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