It used to be that repairing a PCB or a circuit assembly was a fairly simple task. Point-to-point wiring or the 2-sided PCBs - some even with plated-through holes - could be reworked with just a good soldering iron and some solder wick. Removing a leaded component (remember when resistors had wires sticking out of the ends of them?) was made simpler with a vacuum desoldering machine, but you could live without it.
Fast forward to 2009. Finding even a single leaded component on a PCB is rare, and even the connectors are surface mount. In some aspects, surface mount is actually easier to rework and with less chance of delaminating the substrate layers. However, the small size of many surface mount components - same as small as 0201 (0.02" x 0.01") - necessitates the use of a microscope and tweezers. Forget have a cup of coffee in the morning because the magnified shake factor will make work nearly impossible. You will end up knocking nearby components off their pads. That is another bother of surface mount - the small size requires heating with a hot air gun from above or beneath, but either way you end up reflowing the solder on surrounding components.
Fortunately, companies like the ones listed here offer products and/or services to help you cope with this brave new world.
Solder, BGA, SMT Repair & Rework Books Solder Repair / Rework Products & Services
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ApogeeKits Free Guide to Electronics Soldering A free guide of hand soldering techniques for the beginner level hobbyist or student.
Automating 0201 Rework Article from Circuits Assembly, by Brian Czaplicki.
BGA Rework - A Comparative Study of Selective Solder Paste Deposition for Area Array Packages Abstract by Ray Cirimele, BEST, Inc.
Circuit Board Repair and Rework Guide From Circuit Technology Center, Inc.
Chip Quik SMT Rework Newsletter By Marvin Cohen.
Cleaning Flux Residue in Hand Solder Rework and the Effects on SIR From Circuits Assembly, By Curt Alexander.
Component-Level Electronics Repair in Space: Soldering Tested in Reduced Gravity--An Update From the CLEAR Project at NASA Glenn Research Center.
Component Rework: A Small World and Getting Smaller Article from Circuits Assembly, by Mark J. Walz.
Growth Opportunities for Rework and Repair Equipment Article from SMT Online.
Hand Solder Rework of Pb-Free PTH and SMT Packages Article by Alan Donaldson, in Circuits Assembly online.
How to Solder Electronic Components Repair Cables and Connectors in the Field to Keep the Show Going By Richard Mudhar.
Interconnects Overcome Processing Challenges From Connector Specifier, By Phil Stokoe and Burke Hunsaker.
Lead-free Rework: Are You Ready? Article from SMT Online.
Lead Free Rework and Repair of Ball Grid Arrays (BGAs) Article from Empfasis, a publication of the National Electronics Manufacturing Center of Excellence.
Manual Soldering and Repair From Tutorials Web.
PCB Manufacturing and Rework Quality Assurance Testing New price, performance and value criteria for X-ray inspection systems, by Doug McClure, FocalSpot, Inc.
Precision PCB Services 530-534-1738 / Oroville, CA Services, training, and consulting for the assembly, rework, modification and repair of electronic assemblies. Specialties include BGA rework, BGA re-balling; lead free and manufacturing process implementation, quality improvement, and defect analysis.
RC Repair and Modification With Soldering Learn to Solder and Do Your Own RC Repairs. By Michael James.
Repair and Rework Requirements Article from SMT Online.
Rework and Repair "What adjustments must rework system manufacturers make to their equipment to respond to the needs of lead-free rework?", by Neil O'Brien, Finetech.
Rework & Repair ”Climbing the ladder towards lead free in regards to rework and repair” Article by Anders Ekelöf, Ericsson.
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Rework Management & Optimization Learning how to manage the amount of time and money spent on rework can increase profitability and minimize vulnerability that is normally associated with rework.
Reworking Lead-free Solder in PCB Assembly Article Surface Mount Technology (SMT), by Dongkai Shangguan, Ph.D.
Reworking Plastic and Other Heat-sensitive Components Article from Surface Mount Technology (SMT), by Bill Scheu.
SMT Package Rework White paper by Quang (Peter) Nguyen, Xilinx.
SMT Rework Tech tip from Emphasis.
Solutions for Advanced Rework Challenges Article from Surface Mount Technology (SMT), by Chris Underhill.
Soldering 101 A soldering tutorial for the mechanically challenged.
Surface Mount Technology Repair Station and Method for Repair of Surface Mount Technology Circuit Boards United States Patent; Inventors: Kolesar, Michael J., Bois, Philip J.; Assignee: Digital Equipment Corporation (Maynard, MA).
Tangent Tutorial 1: Basic Soldering Equipment , How to Do It !!! Video - Advice on the basic equipment necessary for DIY electronics work.
Waste Not, Want Not Simplify BGA rework by reusing leftover solder - article from Circuits Assembly, by Jeff Ferry.
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