Electronics World articles Popular Electronics articles QST articles Radio & TV News articles Radio-Craft articles Radio-Electronics articles Short Wave Craft articles Wireless World articles Google Search of RF Cafe website Sitemap Electronics Equations Mathematics Equations Equations physics Manufacturers & distributors Engineer Jobs LinkedIn Crosswords Engineering Humor Kirt's Cogitations RF Engineering Quizzes Notable Quotes Calculators Education Engineering Magazine Articles Engineering software RF Cafe Archives RF Cascade Workbook 2018 RF Symbols for Visio - Word Advertising Magazine Sponsor RF Cafe RF Electronics Symbols for Visio RF Electronics Symbols for Office Word RF Electronics Stencils for Visio Sponsor Links Saturday Evening Post NEETS EW Radar Handbook Microwave Museum About RF Cafe Aegis Power Systems Anritsu Alliance Test Equipment Amplifier Solutions Anatech Electronics Axiom Test Equipment Berkeley Nucleonics Centric RF Conduct RF Copper Mountain Technologies Empower RF everything RF Exodus Advanced Communications Innovative Power Products ISOTEC KR Filters PCB Directory Rigol San Francisco Circuits Reactel RF Connector Technology TotalTemp Technologies Triad RF Systems Windfreak Technologies Withwave LadyBug Technologies Wireless Telecom Group Sponsorship Rates RF Cafe Software Resources Vintage Magazines RF Cafe Software RF Cafe Sponsor Links Temwell Werbel Microwave Thank you for visiting RF Cafe!
Axiom Test Equipment - RF Cafe

Bell Telephone Laboratories - Transatlantic Cable
November 1956 Radio & Television News

November 1956 Radio & Television News
November 1956 Radio & Television News Cover - RF Cafe[Table of Contents]

Wax nostalgic about and learn from the history of early electronics. See articles from Radio & Television News, published 1919-1959. All copyrights hereby acknowledged.

Prior to satellite communications, long-distance messages were carried by footmen, horses and riders, smoke signals, trains, airplanes, boats, lanterns, sign language, printed media, radio frequency, and cables. All had their advantages and disadvantages, but none other than cable could provide reliable, nearly instantaneous conversations across and between continents - or cities for that matter. Stringing wires on poles over the landscape was a relatively simple task compared to that of laying cable along the ocean floor. Maintenance on underwater cable and amplifiers was exceedingly difficult or even impossible in some sections. Developing a suitable insulation to withstand the harsh salt water environment and the extreme pressures at great depths (which tends to force water through insulation) was no trivial task. Deployment came with its own perils for ship, crew, and cable. Breakage during the laying process was common. It was a major victory when AT&T, the British PO and the Canadian OTC managed a 2000-mile transoceanic telephone cable capable of carrying a whopping 36 concurrent conversations, as reported in this 1956 issue of Radio & Television News magazine.

Bell Telephone Laboratories Ad - Transatlantic Cable

Bell Telephone Laboratories Ad, November 1956 Radio & Television News - RF CafeContour of ocean bed where cable swiftly and clearly carries 36 conversations simultaneously. This is deep-sea part of system - a joint enterprise of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, British Post Office and Canadian Overseas Telecommunications Corporation.

A great new telephone cable now links North America and Europe - the first transoceanic cable to carry voices.

To make possible this historic forward step in world communications, Bell Laboratories scientists and engineers had to solve formidable new problems never encountered with previous cables, which carry only telegraph signals.

To transmit voices clearly demanded a much wider frequency band and efficient ways of overcoming huge attenuation losses over its more than 2000-mile span. The complex electronic apparatus must withstand the tremendous pressures and stresses encountered on the ocean floor, far beyond adjustment or servicing for years to come.

Here are a few of the key developments that made this unique achievement possible:

More than 300 electron tubes of unrivaled endurance operate continuously, energized by current sent from land.

A unique triple watertight seal protects the amplifiers from pressures as high as 6500 pounds per square inch.

Precisely designed equalizing networks and amplifiers compensate for the loss in the cable every 40 miles and produce a communication highway 144 kc. wide.

Power supplies of exceptional reliability send precisely regulated current along the same coaxial that carries your voice to energize the amplifying units.

Bell Telephone Laboratories

World center of communications research and development

Bell Telephone Laboratories Infomercials

 

 

Posted July 27, 2022
(updated from original post on (4/13/2015)


Anritsu Test Equipment - RF Cafe
Amplifier Solutions Corporation (ASC) - RF Cafe

Please Support RF Cafe by purchasing my  ridiculously low−priced products, all of which I created.

These Are Available for Free

 

About RF Cafe

Kirt Blattenberger - RF Cafe Webmaster

Copyright: 1996 - 2024

Webmaster:

    Kirt Blattenberger,

    BSEE - KB3UON

RF Cafe began life in 1996 as "RF Tools" in an AOL screen name web space totaling 2 MB. Its primary purpose was to provide me with ready access to commonly needed formulas and reference material while performing my work as an RF system and circuit design engineer. The World Wide Web (Internet) was largely an unknown entity at the time and bandwidth was a scarce commodity. Dial-up modems blazed along at 14.4 kbps while tying up your telephone line, and a nice lady's voice announced "You've Got Mail" when a new message arrived...

All trademarks, copyrights, patents, and other rights of ownership to images and text used on the RF Cafe website are hereby acknowledged.

My Hobby Website:

AirplanesAndRockets.com