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Velocity of Sound in Various Media
Vl = Velocity of plane longitudinal wave in bulk material. Vs = Velocity of plane transverse (shear) wave. Vext = Velocity of longitudinal wave (extensional wave) in thin rods.
Solids
Substance
Density (g/cm3)
Vl (m/s)
Vs (m/s)
Vext (m/s)
Metals
Aluminum, rolled
2.7
6420
3040
5000
Berylium
1.87
12890
8880
12870
Brass (70 Cu, 30 Zn)
8.6
4700
2110
3480
Copper, annealed
8.93
4760
2325
3810
Copper, rolled
8.93
5010
2270
3750
Gold, hard-drawn
19.7
3240
1200
2030
Iron, Armco
7.85
5960
3240
5200
Lead, annealed
11.4
2160
700
1190
Lead, rolled
11.4
1960
690
1210
Molybdenum
10.1
6250
3350
5400
Monel metal
8.90
5350
2720
4400
Nickel (unmagnetized)
8.85
5480
2990
4800
Nickel
8.9
6040
3000
4900
Platinum
21.4
3260
1730
2800
Silver
10.4
3650
1610
2680
Steel, mild
7.85
5960
3235
5200
Steel, 347 Stainless
7.9
5790
3100
5000
Tin, rolled
7.3
3320
1670
2730
Titaninum
4.5
6070
3125
5080
Tungsten, annealed
19.3
5220
2890
4620
Tungsten Carbide
13.8
6655
3980
6220
Zinc, rolled
7.1
4210
2440
3850
Various
Fused silica
2.2
5968
3764
5760
Glass, pyrex
2.32
5640
3280
5170
Glass, heavy silicate flint
3.88
3980
2380
3720
Lucite
1.18
2680
1100
1840
Nylon 6-6
1.11
2620
1070
1800
Polyethylene
0.90
1950
540
920
Polystyrene
1.06
2350
1120
2240
Rubber, butyl
1.07
1830
Rubber, gum
0.95
1550
Rubber neoprene
1.33
1600
Brick
1.8
3650
Clay rock
2.2
3480
Cork
0.25
500
Marble
2.6
3810
Paraffin
0.9
1300
Tallow
390
Woods
Ash, along the fiber
4670
Beech, along the fiber
3340
Elm, along the fiber
4120
Maple, along the fiber
4110
Oak, along the fiber
3850
Human Body Tissues
Soft Tissue
Liquids
Substance
Formula
Density (g/cm3)
Velocity at 25°C (m/s)
-δv/δt (m/sec °C)
Acetone
C3H60
0.79
1174
4.5
Benzene
C6H6
0.870
1295
4.65
Carbon tetrachloride
CCl4
1.595
926
2.7
Castor oil
C11H10O10
0.969
1477
3.6
Chloroform
CHCl3
1.49
987
3.4
Ethanol amide
C2H7NO
1.018
1724
3.4
Ethyl ether
C4H10O
0.713
985
4.87
Ethylene glycol
C2H6O2
1.113
1658
2.1
Glycerol
C3H8O3
1.26
1904
2.2
Kerosene
0.81
1324
3.6
Mercury
Hg
13.5
1450
Methanol
CH4O
0.791
1103
3.2
Turpentine
0.88
1255
Water (distilled)
H2O
0.998
1496.7
-2.4
Gases and Vapors
Substance
Formula
Density (g/l)
Velocity (m/s)
δv/δt (m/sec °C)
Gases
Air, dry
1.293
331.45
0.59
Ammonia
NH3
0.771
415
Argon
Ar
1.783
319 (at 20°C)
0.56
Carbon monoxide
CO
1.25
338
0.6
Carbon dioxide
CO2
1.977
259
0.4
Chlorine
CL2
3.214
206
Deuterium
D2
890
1.6
Ethane (10°C)
C2H6
1.356
308
Ethylene
C2H4
1.260
317
Helium
He
0.178
965
0.8
Hydrogen
H2
0.0899
1284
2.2
Hydrogen chloride
HCl
1.639
296
Methane
CH4
0.7168
430
Neon
Ne
0.900
435
0.8
Nitric oxide (10°C)
NO
1.34
324
Nitrogen
N2
1.251
334
0.6
Nitrous oxide
N2O
1.977
263
0.5
Oxygen
O2
1.429
316
0.56
Sulfur dioxide
SO2
2.927
213
0.47
Vapors
Acetone
C3H6O
239
0.32
Benzene
C6H6
202
0.3
Carbon tetrachloride
CCl4
145
Chloroform
CHCl3
171
0.24
Ethanol
C2H6O
269
0.4
Ethyl ether
C4H10O
206
0.3
Methanol
CH4O
335
0.46
Water vapor (134°C)
H2O
494
0.46
Information from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 7first Edition, 1990-1991, David R. Lide
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