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VSWR Mismatch Errors

Amplifier SolutionsRes-Net MicrowavePlease click here to visit the NP Technologies websiteClick to visit the RFtronics websiteBoth amplitude and phase errors are introduced when mismatched impedances are present at an electrical interface. The result is ripple across the frequency band (since the VSWR of each interface typically varies with frequency), as well as a portion of the incident power being reflected back to the source. Here is a well-done reflection coefficient video tutorial by SavvyPaper.

VSWR Mismatch Errors - RF Cafe


Here is a JavaScript calculator for VSWR / Return Loss / Reflection Coefficient / Mismatch Error / Improvement.

 

Amplitude ErrorPhase Error
εA = 20 * log (1 ± |ΓA * ΓB|) dBεΦ = (180 / π) *| ΓA| * |ΓB|

Note: This formula has also been seen written as

            εΦ= (180 / π) * sin-1 (| GA| * |GB|),
           but for small angles, the difference is negligible

See a derivation of this equation as provided by Haris Tabakovic

Resultant MIN and MAX Cascaded VSWR
VSWRMAX = SA * SB
VSWRMIN = SA / SB
 

where

SA = larger of the two VSWRs
SB = smaller of the two VSWRs

Example

VSWRA = 2.5:1  -->  SA = 2.5
VSWRB = 2.0:1  -->  SB = 2.0
VSWRMAX = 2.5 * 2.0 = 5.0  = 5.0:1
VSWRMIN = 2.5 / 2.0 = 1.25  = 1.25:1


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