Hi RFCafe senior engineer,
Good Day.

I have a serious issue about LNA NF measurement, and really need your kindly support.
What I want to do is try to draw LNA NF and Gain circle by measurement, and compare with simulation.
Attach related file, especially NF circle.


So, I set up a simple measurement, as shown below:
Here, I got several problem,
1. What value of inductance I should use with power choke inductor, refer to application circuit?
2. How I define output M.N.? refer to application circuit?
3. If I do a simple output conjugate matching, should I turn on LNA, if yes, is power choke a part of matching network?
4. Here comes important problem,
4.1 What I can measure is total system(50ohm) NF, and I want to determine LNA’s NF by equation.
4.2 For special case, that’s Гin1= Гout1= Гin2, the FriiS equation is O.K.
4.3 But actual situation is, Гin1≠ Гout1≠ Гin2, right? So how to modify FriiS equation.

Hello duplicity,

I will try to answer on some of your questions:



The inductor value should give you a reactance of several hundreds ohms (at least 300 ohms) in your lowest frequency of operation. remember that as the frequency increases, XL increases as well.

In addition, you should choose the inductor such that its SRF (Self-Resonance Frequency) would be at least twice higher than your maximal frequency of operation in order to avoid a capacitive reactance.



Usually for LNA, you define the output matching network as one for conjugate match. This is because the input matching for noise figure degrades the return loss at the input and reduces the overall gain (mismatch), and as a result you loose power.



You should design the output matching only after your input mtaching network is fully designed and connected to the LNA, because the input matching network will affect your S22. The reason for that is that the amplifier is not unilaterlal, i.e. there is a certain feedback from the output to the input S12.

The choke (power inductor as you named it) if properly chosen, should slightly influcnece on the output mathcing network. Actually, it isolates between the supply voltage to the matching network. Usually from RF signal point of view, it only slightly increases the gain.

So your output matching newtok should be designed to the conjugate of the modified S22 (With the influence of the input matching network).

You should turn on the LNA, in order to measure the output power.
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In general, when designing matching networks, pay attention to the stability of the amplifier.
It is very important to check that your required reflection coefficients are located within the stable region.
You can perform stability simulation or calculate K (Rollet's Factor). For unconditional stability K>1

I will kind in my mind, thanks for your lesson learn.
But actually, the reference design is around 3nH(LQP03TN3N0B04), whose SRF is over 6GHz, and impedance is only 38.46ohm at 1990MHz.


But how about isolation?! The input M.N. should not influence S22 load.
How i tine the S22 M.N. is tep by:
1. S11 should be ready first.
2. tune choke to get higher gain.
3. tune second componet for conjugate matching.


Thank you for your kindly reply.

3nH to my opinion is too low. The SRF is OK.
From my experience: I designed an amplifier for 2.7GHz and I chose a choke of 8.2nH.



As I mentioned, the isolation is not infinite, i.e. the amplifier is not unilateral (ideal).
There is S12 which has a low but not negligible value.

I would perform the following steps - simulation only.

1) Design the input matching network for the required gain and NF (You have to find the intersection point of the desired Noise and gain circles) with the output matched to 50-ohm.
2) After that, plot S22 of the amplifier (With the input matching network).
3) Design the output matching network for congugate match. Also add the choke value and see how it affects the output matching and gain.
4) Tune both the input and output networks for optimal performance.

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Best regards,

- IR